What did Jesus mean when he said not to judge others? Here are 10 things to know and share . . .
Jesus famously said, “Judge not, lest ye be judged.”
Today, some people use this to shut down conversations when the subject turns to sexual morality.
“Didn’t Jesus say not to judge others?” they ask. “Who are you to judge?”
Did Jesus mean his words to be used this way?
If not, what did he mean?
Here are 10 things to know and share . . .
1) Not a cover for immoral behavior in general
It’s clear that Jesus did not intend his words to be used as a cover for immoral behavior.
He did not mean them to be used as a conversation stopper to shut down attempts to admonish people engaged in immoral behavior.
In fact, Jesus himself did rather a lot of admonishing regarding proper moral conduct.
That is, in fact, the subject of the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7), in which the saying occurs.
2) Not even a cover for sexual misbehavior
Jesus had quite a bit to say about sexual immortality as well—noting, for example, in the Sermon on the Mount that even being mentally unfaithful was a sin:
You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ But I say to you that every one who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart [Matt. 5:27-28].
3) Not a prohibition on admonishing others
Jesus did also not intend his words to be used to stop others from admonishing others when they are committing sinful behavior.
Jesus himself told his ministers:
Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you [Matt. 28:19-20].
That would include teaching his commands regarding sexual morality.
Also, admonishing sinners is a spiritual work of mercy that we are to engage in:
My brethren, if any one among you wanders from the truth and some one brings him back, let him know that whoever brings back a sinner from the error of his way will save his soul from death and will cover a multitude of sins [Jas. 5:19-20].
4) Not an endorsement of moral relativism
Taking Jesus’ teaching out of context, one might try to use it as a pretext for moral relativism—the idea that all moral judgments regarding the conduct of others are to be suspended and each person is to be allowed to define what is morally good for himself.
This is clearly ruled out by what we’ve already seen regarding Jesus’ own teaching on morality and on the need to proclaim them to others.
We do not define moral truth for ourselves. Moral relativism is a false position that is incompatible with the Christian faith.
It is also incompatible with itself. Like all forms of relativism, it is self-contradictory.
If it is wrong to make moral judgments regarding the behavior of others then it would be wrong to judge others for judging!
Peter Capaldi has been cast as the 12th Doctor Who
So it has now been announced that Peter Capaldi will be the new Doctor Who.
I must confess that I don’t know much about Capaldi, but I do have a couple of initial thoughts.
The Right Man for the Part?
The first is that I’m glad they cast a man instead of a woman for the part.
The latter, while not out of keeping with what they’ve established about timelord biology, would have been a net negative for the show.
Changing the sex of your main character is not something to be done lightly.
In this case, doing so would have:
felt like artificial “stunt casting” done out of slavish political correctness,
invited endless discussions of sex that would have overshadowed what the program is about,
invite endless and unflattering comparisons to the performances of previous Doctors, and
made the show feel unfamiliar and different on a bunch of levels.
The time to something like that, if you’re going to do something like that, is not when a show is at the peak of its popularity–which this one is. It has never had a bigger audience, globally.
The time to do radical shakeups in a show’s formula is when it’s about to get cancelled or when it’s just being revived after a hiatus.
Regressing to the Mean
My second thought is that I’m glad that they went with an older actor to play the Doctor.
I’d been (mildly) concerned about the increasing youth of the actors who have been cast for the part. The current, 11th Doctor (Matt Smith), was the youngest ever.
While I don’t mind young actors in the part (I liked Smith, as well as Peter Davison, who was only 30 when he was cast as the 5th Doctor), there was a clear trend toward younger actors, and the show was in danger of becoming too young-actor oriented.
We were nearing a point at which the apparent age of the Doctor needed to regress to the mean.
I mean, could an 18-year old Doctor even try to bring the gravitas needed for the part without looking foolish (as well as teenage angst-y)?
Just for fun, I did a quick table of the ages of the various actors who have played the Doctor at the time they got the part:
This chart covers the twelve actors who have been cast to play the role on television on an ongoing basis (even though McGann’s incarnation didn’t get picked up for a regular series).
It does not include actors cast for movies, webisodes, or on a purely temporary basis (such as John Hurt, who is playing the “mystery incarnation” of the Doctor, whose story will be explored in the 50th anniversary special).
Now here’s a chart showing what I mean about the Doctor-getting-younger trend:
As you can see, until Capaldi’s casting as the 12th Doctor, there was an unmistakable trend toward casting younger actors.
Of course, there were ups and downs, but the overall trend toward younger doctors is unmistakable.
We needed to regress to the mean, and they did that in a big way by casting a 55-year old (that also being the age that the 1st Doctor was when the series began).
In a way, the series is returning to its roots, with the Doctor as a man of mature years rather than a twenty-something romping around space and time.
Getting Darker?
My third thought concerns the way that Capaldi will play the role and what kinds of stories he will be offered.
I’d have a better sense of this if I knew more about his work, but I suspect that we’ll see a couple of things that will be different than Matt Smith’s Doctor and other recent Doctors.
For one, I suspect that he will play the part more seriously–and be given fewer zany antics (though there will be some of those).
Matt Smith apparently patterned aspects of his performance off Patrick Troughton’s 2nd Doctor (who is, perhaps, my all-time favorite Doctor), and I’ve seen some online suggesting that Capaldi may come across more like Jon Pertwee’s less-playful, more action-oriented 3rd Doctor.
So this transition may feel a bit like the transition from Troughton to Pertwee, which would be fine by me.
I also suspect that the performance and the show will be getting darker because we’re apparently at the Doctor’s (allegedly) final incarnation.
Timelords can only regenerate 12 times under normal circumstances, meaning 13 incarnations total.
Assuming John Hurt’s Doctor is a previous incarnation (either pre-Hartnell or during the gap between McGann and Eccleston, when the Time War occurred) then Capaldi is the timelord’s 13th incarnation (even though he’s only the 12th “Doctor”).
That means that when it comes time to replace Capaldi there will likely be a big, pathos-filled story in which he is miraculously freed from the 12-regeneration limit.
They’ve already indicated that this can be done, as the timelords offered the Master a whole new cycle of regenerations (another 12) back in the 25th anniversary special. And, even without their help, the Master managed to get several more regenerations, leading to his appearances in the current revival of the program.
They’ll do the same for the Doctor–somehow–but they will probably (and should) milk the approaching, apparent end of his life for the drama it naturally contains.
That means that the 12th Doctor’s time should have the Shadow of Death hanging over it.
It also may have the shadow of the Valeyard hanging over it, if they don’t pay that off in the 50th anniversary special.
And, as much as I’ve enjoyed some of the zaniness Matt Smith brought to the role, some aspects of the 11th Doctor’s run were over the top (particularly Steven Moffat’s fairy tale-inspired series finales).
I’ve already been enjoying the more serious feel of the show that arrived with Clara Oswald becoming the main companion, which harks back to the way the show felt in its–uh–first incarnation (1963-1989), and the arrival of Peter Capaldi as the Doctor may bring back more of that classic Who feeling.
“I am back home, and I assure you that my joy is much greater than my exhaustion!” @pontifex, 29 July 2013
“What an unforgettable week in Rio! Thank you, everyone. Pray for me. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 29 July 2013
“Now, young friends, we must continue to live day by day all that we have professed together at WYD.” @pontifex, 30 July 2013
“Dear young friends, it is worth wagering one’s life on Christ and on the Gospel, risking everything for great ideals! #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 31 July 2013
“The security of faith does not make us motionless or close us off, but sends us forth to bear witness and to dialogue with all people.” @pontifex, 2 August 2013
Note: Due to problems with using copyrighted material from the Vatican the eBook version of The Weekly Francis has been suspended. For users of the previous ebook volume I have some suggestions for alternatives on how to best read these documents especially on mobile platforms.
“I am arriving in Brazil in a few hours and my heart is already full of joy because soon I will be with you to celebrate the 28th WYD.” @pontifex, 22 July 2013
“Today we begin a wonderful week in Rio; may it be a time to deepen our friendship in Jesus Christ.” @pontifex, 22 July 2013
“Thank you to all of you and to all the authorities for a magnificent welcome in Rio. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 23 July 2013
“The Church is young, as everyone can see at WYD. May the Lord always keep us all young at heart. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 23 July 2013
“Dear young friends, Christ has confidence in you and he entrusts his own mission to you: Go and make disciples! #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 23 July 2013
“Never forget, young friends: The Virgin Mary is our Mother and with her help we can remain faithful to Christ. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 24 July 2013
“Let us thank Blessed John Paul II for WYD and for the many vocations born during these 28 gatherings. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 24 July 2013
“May sports always be a means of exchange and growth, never of violence and hate. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 25 July 2013
“The Christian life is not limited to prayer, but requires an ongoing dedication and courage born of prayer. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 25 July 2013
“The measure of the greatness of a society is found in the way it treats those most in need, those who have nothing apart from their poverty.” @pontifex, 25 July 2013
“What an unforgettable welcome in Copacabana! May God bless you all! #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 26 July 2013
“Every Friday is an opportunity to remember how much Jesus has suffered for us. Lord, never let us forget how much you love us.” @pontifex, 26 July 2013
“There is no cross, big or small, in our life which the Lord does not share with us. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 26 July 2013
“Bishops are the pastors of the People of God. Follow them with trust and courage. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 27 July 2013
“Dear young friends, learn to pray every day: this is the way to know Jesus and invite him into your lives. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 27 July 2013
“We cannot keep ourselves shut up in parishes, in our communities, when so many people are waiting for the Gospel! #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 28 July 2013
“Dear young people, be true ”athletes of Christ“! Play on his team! #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 28 July 2013
“We need to model our lives on the life of Jesus, so as to share his sentiments and his thoughts. #Rio2013 #JMJ” @pontifex, 28 July 2013
Note: Due to problems with using copyrighted material from the Vatican the eBook version of The Weekly Francis has been suspended. For users of the previous ebook volume I have some suggestions for alternatives on how to best read these documents especially on mobile platforms.
What should you think of the new book Zealot? Here are 14 things to know and share.
There’s a new best-seller out there which claims to give us “the real story” on Jesus.
It’s called Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth, and it is one in a long line of books challenging the portrait of Jesus given in the gospels.
The author is giving interviews in the major media, promoting his book, and people are asking questions about it and how to respond.
Here are 14 things to know and share . . .
1) What is Zealot: The Life and Times of Jesus of Nazareth?
It is a book authored by Reza Aslan and published by Random House in July of 2013.
With the power of the Random House marketing machine behind it, the book quickly shot to the top of Amazon’s bestseller list.
The book is billed as a biography of Jesus of Nazareth.
In keeping with Aslan’s creative writing background (see below), much of it is written in a casual, narrative style that does not stop to cite sources, mount arguments, or consider alternative viewpoints.
It reads rather a lot like historical fiction, with Aslan inviting us to imagine the colors of the curtain of the Jerusalem temple, how scene at the temple would have sounded, and even how it would have smelled (rather putrid, according to Aslan).
2) Who is Reza Aslan?
Aslan is an associate professor of creative writing at the University of California Riverside. He lives in Hollywood.
He was born in Tehran, Iran but raised in the San Francisco Bay Area.
His family background is Muslim, though not devout.
He himself experienced a conversion to Christianity in his teens but later lost his faith.
He has a doctorate in the sociology of religions from the University of California Santa Barbara.
3) Is Aslan trying to hide his Muslim background?
He has been accused of doing so in television interviews, but this seems unfounded.
He certainly does not hide it in the book. In fact, there is an “Author’s Note” at the beginning of Zealot that explains his religious background very forthrightly.
Aslan’s Muslim background is not very relevant to the views he proposes in Zealot, and given the dynamics of TV interviews, it wouldn’t make sense for Aslan to discuss this unless he were specifically asked about it.
4) Is Aslan giving us a Muslim re-reading of Jesus?
“Prayer, humility, and charity toward all are essential in the Christian life: they are the way to holiness.” @pontifex, 16 June 2013
“God is so merciful toward us. We too should learn to be merciful, especially with those who suffer” @pontifex, 17 June 2013
“In this Year of Faith, let us remember that faith is not something we possess, but something we share. Every Christian is an apostle.” @pontifex, 18 June 2013
“Many of you have already arrived in Rio and many more are just arriving. We will see one another there in only three days.” @pontifex, 19 June 2013
“Dear young friends, I know that many of you are still travelling to Rio. May the Lord accompany you on your way.” @pontifex, 20 June 2013
“How many wish to be in Rio for WYD but can’t! May they feel at one with us in prayer.” @pontifex, 21 June 2013
Note: Due to problems with using copyrighted material from the Vatican the eBook version of The Weekly Francis has been suspended. For users of the previous ebook volume I have some suggestions for alternatives on how to best read these documents especially on mobile platforms.
Thomas Peters (American Papist/CatholicVote/National Organization for Marriage) has been severely injured and is in need of your prayers.
According to his father, canonist Edward Peters (via Facebook):
Thomas Peters was seriously hurt in a swimming accident Tuesday evening. He fractured his 5th cervical vert. and is at Univ. Maryland Medical Center (Baltimore). Natalie Zmuda Peters is there, and the moms Angela & Becky Z flew out a couple hours ago. He moved an arm on command and is undergoing more tests. He has responded pretty well to the immediate steps taken for him so far. I will stay in touch here. Your prayers and well wishes are deeply appreciated.
Update:
Thom can move his arms, docs are discussing the best treatment for his neck injury. Immediate concern is for the considerable water in his lungs. We are astounded at the expressions of prayers and support. Thom & Nat know about it. Please keep them up.
I have known Thomas and his family for many years, and I implore your prayers for him, his wife, his family, and for all who are in similar situations.
Words are inadequate to the burden of my heart.
“The Spirit himself intercedes for us with groans too deep for words” (Rom. 8:28).
At first, the claim that atheism is a religion might sound ridiculous.
It certainly can be a surprising claim.
And it’s one that many people, including western atheists, might initially dismiss out of hand.
But there’s more to the story here.
There is a case to be made that, in a very real sense, atheism is a religion.
A Word About Words
Words mean what people use them to mean. So whether atheism counts as a religion will depend on how you use the term “atheism” and how you use the term “religion.”
There is no single right way or wrong way to use terms. Their boundaries can be drawn differently by different people, and their meanings can change over time.
As a result, I’m not going to be claiming in this piece that there is a single right or wrong way to define our two terms.
In fact, I don’t really care about the terms. What I’m interested in is the reality that the two terms represent.
My claim, therefore, is that the reality of what is commonly called “atheism” has much in common with the reality of what is commonly called “religion.”
The two have so much in common that there is a sense in which atheism can be seen as a religion.
“Are You A Christian?”
A prima facie or “at first glance” case for the claim that atheism can be seen as a religion can be found in the answer an atheist might give to the question “Are you a Christian?”
When presented with this question, an atheist may reply, “No, I’m an atheist.”
On the other hand, if he was instead presented with the question, “Are you a Jew?” he might again reply, “No, I’m an atheist.”
If he had been asked, “Are you a Buddhist?” or “Are you a Muslim?” or “Are you a Hindu?” he might well give the same answer: “No, I am an atheist.”
This suggests that being an atheist is analogous to being a Christian, a Jew, a Buddhist, a Muslim, or a Hindu.
And that, in turn suggests that atheism is analogous to Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism.
In other words, atheism, too, can be seen as a religion.
Now let’s ask a question that will let us go deeper into the subject . . .
“We pray for a heart which will embrace immigrants. God will judge us upon how we have treated the most needy.” @pontifex, 27 June 2013
“Christians are always full of hope; they should never get discouraged.” @pontifex, 27 June 2013
“If we wish to follow Christ closely, we cannot choose an easy, quiet life. It will be a demanding life, but full of joy.” @pontifex, 27 June 2013
“Lord, grant us the grace to weep over our indifference, over the cruelty that is in the world and in ourselves.” @pontifex, 27 June 2013
“In this Year of Faith let us aim to do something concrete every day to know Jesus Christ better.” @pontifex, 27 June 2013
“For a Christian, life is not the product of mere chance, but the fruit of a call and personal love.” @pontifex, 27 June 2013
Note: Due to problems with using copyrighted material from the Vatican the eBook version of The Weekly Francis has been suspended. For users of the previous ebook volume I have some suggestions for alternatives on how to best read these documents especially on mobile platforms.
The book of Revelation depicts Jesus with a sword issuing from his mouth. What does this mean? And what should we make of the other paradoxical symbols in Revelation?
Revelation contains many symbols. Some of them are easy to understand, some are hard, and some are just paradoxical.
Ironically, the paradoxical ones can be particularly easy to figure out.
Here’s what you should know . . .
1. What Is a Paradoxical Symbol?
A paradoxical symbol, as I am using the term, is one in which Revelation symbolizes something in a surprising at–at first glance–contradictory way. It involves a reversal of expectations.
These symbols often involve two statements, the first of which sets up certain expectations on the part of the reader and the second which reverses these expectations.
You can see them as a pair of two, seemingly contrary symbols that must be understood together to have a true picture of what is meant.
The best way to explain this is by looking at examples . . .
2. The Lion That Is a Lamb
In Revelation 5, one of the twenty-four elders in heaven comes to John, who is weeping because no one can open the scroll that reveals God’s will. The elder says:
“Weep not; lo, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has conquered, so that he can open the scroll and its seven seals” [Rev. 5:5].
This draws on symbolism from the book of Genesis where Israel’s son Judah is described as a “young lion” (Genesis 49:9).
The added specification of “the Root of David” makes it clear that the elder is referring to Jesus, the Messiah, who was both from the tribe of Judah and a descendant of David.
We are told that the lion “has conquered,” enabling him to open the scroll.
Based on what John has been told, he (and the reader) could expect him to turn and see Jesus depicted in the form of a lion, a violent, deadly beast who “has conquered”—possibly with bloody claws and fangs.
But when he turns, John sees something very different:
And between the throne and the four living creatures and among the elders, I saw a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain, with seven horns and with seven eyes, which are the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth [Rev. 5:6].
Instead of a conquering lion, John sees a lamb that is “standing, as though it had been slain.”
It is not a powerful, ravening predator with dripping claws and fangs but a weak, vulnerable prey animal that has been mortally wounded.
And yet it stands. This represents Jesus’ resurrection (the Lamb stands) in spite of the fact that he was crucified (“had been slain”).
Here we have a paradox–a juxtaposition of two seemingly contradictory symbols:
The Lion: The dangerous predator that conquers (overcomes its prey)
The Lamb: The vulnerable prey that is slain (overcome by its conquerors)
To fully understand this symbolism, we have to embrace both images.
It is true that Jesus is a Lion from the tribe of Judah. He has conquered.
But the way he has done these things is surprising and involves a reversal of expectations: He has conquered by assuming a position of vulnerability, by serving as the Lamb, and being slain–and raised again to stand despite this.
This is not the only symbol in Revelation of this type.