The Gates Of Sh’ol

Recently I posted a scan of Matthew 16:18 from the Pshitta, the standard Aramaic version of the New Testament.

I circled the word kepha the two times it appeared, so that folks could see with the own eyes (even if you don’t read the script) that in this version Jesus does say "You are kepha and on this kepha I will build my Church."

Fine and dandy.

But afterwards I was looking at the verse and translating mentally and I noticed something else that was interesting.

Y’know how in the latter part of the verse in traditional English translations Jesus says "I will build my Church and the gates of hell will not prevail against it." Well, in Greek what he says is "the gates of hades" will not prevail against it, which some modern translations have also picked up on.

The distinction is significant because in contemporary English the word "hell" means one thing: the place of the damned. That’s not the case in older dialects of English (e.g., the one in use when the Douay-Rheims and King James versions were translated). In that day, "hell" could mean the same things as "hades," which in Greek simply refers to the place of the dead, not specifically the place of the damned. ("Netherworld" might be a good English translation since that doesn’t indicate specifically where the damned go.)

The Hebrew equivalent of hades is sh’ol, which also just refers to the place of the dead.

(You may have seen this word spelled sheol, but this is bad because it leads English-speakers to want to pronounce it /SHEEE-ol/, which is wrong. The /e/ is only a half-vowel. The spelling sh’ol gives you a much better sense of the correct pronunciation, /sh-OL/. Same deal with Pshitta being spelled Peshitta. Makes English speakers want to say /PESH-it-ta/ when it’s really /p-SHEET-ta/.)

So what caught my eye was this: In the Pshitta, Jesus says the gates "of sh’ol" will not prevail against it. Here’s the text again with this word circled as well (the one on the third line):

Matt1618c_1

The character that is on the front of this word (this script is read right-to-left, remember) is a prepositional prefix that means "of" (as in "of sh’ol"), but I’ve circled the word for sh’ol itself (which is here spelled sh-y-o-l in Aramaic).

Cool, huh?

Canadian Episcopal Spine Alert!

CalstampdSo, Calgary is where they have this really big rodeo called the Calgary Stampede (left).

See! There’s something good about Canada!

In fact, there’s more than one thing, because some of that cowboy spirit is apparently present in episcopal corridors in Calgary as well.

Bishop Fred Henry of Calgary has been saying things like:

Since homosexuality, adultery, prostitution, and pornography undermine the foundations of the family, the basis of society, then the State must use its coercive power to proscribe or curtail them in the interests of the common good.

Cool, huh!

Well, the good biship has been the recipient of criticism, "human rights complaints," and death threats.

Despite that, the bishop has responded:

I stand by the letter, I wouldn’t change one comma, one iota of that letter.

His disheartened by the fact that the Canadian Free Speech Denial CommissionHuman Rights Commission has not dismissed the complaints against him out of hand, but he says:

Freedom of religion and freedom of speech are foundational, and if we’re to have an honest debate in society, all the voices have to be heard, including that of the churches. I think I’m owed an apology for putting me through this rigmarole of harassment and intimidation and attempt to silence me.

GET THE (HEARTENING!) STORY.

Fatima Books Recommendations

A reader writes:

Can you recommend a good book on Fatima? I am looking for something with a little meat on it, less inclusive than a 10,000-page multi-volume set (if such a thing exists), but not too short or simplistic.

There are three works that I’d recommend:

  1. Fatima in Lucia’s Own Words
  2. Fatima in Lucia’s Own Words, vol. 2
  3. Calls from the Message of Fatima
  4. Encountering Mary by Sandra Zimdars-Swartz

The first three are all written by Sr. Lucia herself. The first two consist of her memoirs of the incident (there are several different memoirs, which overlap to a considerable degree). The third is the volume she wrote and released after the publication of the Third Secret.

The fourth book is a critical but balanced look at recent apparitions, including Fatima. It is a semi-scholarly work that tries to take an objective look at them, presenting both the evidence for and against them without drawing definite conclusions one way or the other.

For the Vatican’s take on Fatima (including basic information on what happened), read

THE MESSAGE OF FATIMA.

Due to the poor quality of many books on Fatima (many of which contain copious amounts of material now known to be false) and other apparitions, I ask commenters to refrain from recommending additional works in the comments box.

Do Not Open Until Christmas1960

Y’know how Sr. Lucia wrote on the envelope that contained the third secret that it wasn’t to be opened until 1960? Here’s the straight story on that:

Before giving the sealed envelope containing the third part of the “secret” to the then [1944] Bishop of Leiria-Fatima, Sister Lucia wrote on the outside envelope that it could be opened only after 1960, either by the Patriarch of Lisbon or the Bishop of Leiria. Archbishop Bertone therefore asked: “Why only after 1960? Was it Our Lady who fixed that date?” Sister Lucia replied: “It was not Our Lady. I fixed the date because I had the intuition that before 1960 it would not be understood, but that only later would it be understood. Now it can be better understood. I wrote down what I saw; however it was not for me to interpret it, but for the Pope [SOURCE: The Message of Fatima (Vatican doc.)].

The reason the Vatican had to ask Sr. Lucia to clarify this is that the apparition rumor-net had been circulating allegations that Mary herself had commanded that the message be "read to the world" by "1960 at the latest." (The apparition rumor-net is second only to the papal rumor-net in rumor generating capacity.) These allegations were then used to denounce John XXIII (pope in 1960) and every subsequent pope for not announcing the secret to the world "as Mary had commanded."

Now that we know the straight story, it serves as a good caution to all of us to CHECK OUR FACTS INSTEAD OF JUST REPEATING RUMORS!!! (Unfortunately, the advent of the blogosphere may not play the same fact-checking function for the apparition and papal rumor-nets as it does for the MSM.)

That being said, I had a few thoughts recently about why the third secret was best kept under wraps until 1960 (and even after):

  1. The third secret was written down January 3, 1944, in the midst of World War II. Since the third secret contains a vision of a devastated city and a large number of people, including the pope, apparently being killed, if it had been released in 1944 it likely would have been interpreted as a prophecy of the events of World War II instead of the accurate interpretation of it as pertaining to the events of World War III (the Cold War). Indeed, Pius XII already thought that Hitler was going to have him kidnapped, and as we’ve recently learned Hitler did order the pope to be kidnapped (but the general didn’t carry out the order). If Pius had read it in 1944, he likely would have thought (incorrectly) that he would be martyred by Hitler.
  2. Since Sr. Lucia already sensed that the third secret pertains to the part of the second secret where it is mentioned that "Russia will spread its errors," she deferred its opening to 1960, a date that she intuited needed to be reached for it to be properly understood. Indeed, by that time the Cold War was under way and the threat posed by Russia was well understood.
  3. It’s even good that the message was not announced to the world at that time. If it had been it might have resulted in a self-fulfilling prophecy of a pope being killed (i.e., some nujob might have taken it into his nogging to off the pope and thus fulfill the third secret).
  4. It’s also good that it wasn’t announced because the assassination attempt on John Paul II did not occur until May 13, 1981. If the secret had been known publicly beforehand then we would not be able as clearly to see this date as linking it to Fatima (May 13 was the first appearance of Our Lady of Fatima) since we wouldn’t be able to be sure that the would-be assassin (or his paymasters) didn’t know this and didn’t engineer it to occur on that date because of the third secret.
  5. It’s even good that, though others had read the third secret previously, John Paul II had not read it before the assassination attempt. At first he did not see the connection between the May 13 assassination attempt and Fatima, but when he read the third secret afterwards, the scales fell from his eyes (figuratively!) and he credited Our Lady of Fatima with saving his life. This helped motivate him to perform the consecration of Russia (and, for good measure, the rest of the world) in 1984.

This consecration, coupled with John Paul II’s role in the end of the Cold War, may have averted a nuclear war that might otherwise have ben the terminus of the U.S.-Soviet conflict (note the third secret’s reference to a angel’s flaming sword about to set the world on fire but stopped by Mary’s intervention).

It’s interesting to observe that the secret of Fatima addressed each of the first three world wars:

  • [Addressing World War I:] "If what I say to you is done, many souls will be saved and there will be peace. The war is going to end. . . . "
  • [Addressing World War II:] " . . . but if people do not cease offending God, a worse one will break out during the Pontificate of Pius XI."
  • [Addressing World War III:] "If my requests are heeded, Russia will be converted, and there will be peace; if not, she will spread her errors throughout the world, causing wars and persecutions of the Church."

Unfortunatley, it said nothing about World War IV (the War on Terror), which we are now in the midst of. We know this because in the wake of September 11th and the start of World War IV,

The content of the interview held between the Vatican representative and Sister Lucia in the convent of Coimbra, Portugal, where she resided, was made public by the Vatican press office on Dec. 20, 2001.

The text of the document states: "In recent months, especially following the sad events of the September 11 terrorist attacks, articles appeared in newspapers alleging new revelations by Sister Lucia, announcements of letters of warning to the Pope, and apocalyptic reinterpretations of the Fatima message."

"Moreover, emphasis was placed on the suspicion that the Holy See had not published the entire text of the third part of the secret, and some ‘Fatimist’ movements have repeated the accusation that the Holy Father has yet to consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary," the document continues.

As a result, the Vatican note clarifies, it was considered necessary that Archbishop Bertone go personally "to clarify and obtain direct information from the visionary."

The meeting was held in the presence of Father Luis Kondor, vice postulator of the cause of Blessed Francisco and Jacinta (the other Fatima visionaries), and of the prioress of St. Teresa’s Carmelite Convent.

The conversation took place on the afternoon of that Nov. 17 and lasted more than two hours. Sister Lucia, then 94, "was in great form — lucid and vivacious," the Vatican envoy said.

The meeting addressed the question of the third part of the secret of Fatima. The Portuguese religious said that she had read "carefully and meditated on the fascicle published by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and confirms everything that is written," the Vatican statement noted.

When the archbishop explained that there are doubts that part of the secret remains unknown, Sister Lucia replied: "Everything has been published; there are no more secrets."

"If I had received new revelations, I would not have communicated them to anyone, but I would have told them directly to the Holy Father," the religious added.

There was then talk about the statements of Nicholas Gruner, a Canadian priest suspended "a divinis," who is collecting signatures insisting that the Pope finally consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and alleging that this has never been done.

Sister Lucia told the archbishop: "The Carmel community has rejected the forms for the collection of signatures. I have already said that the consecration requested by Our Lady was done in 1984, and it has been accepted in heaven" [SOURCE.]

Take that, rumor-net!

READ MY PIECE ON THE THIRD SECRET.

READ THE VATICAN DOC ANNOUNCING THE THIRD SECRET.

Do Not Open Until Christmas1960

Y’know how Sr. Lucia wrote on the envelope that contained the third secret that it wasn’t to be opened until 1960? Here’s the straight story on that:

Before giving the sealed envelope containing the third part of the “secret” to the then [1944] Bishop of Leiria-Fatima, Sister Lucia wrote on the outside envelope that it could be opened only after 1960, either by the Patriarch of Lisbon or the Bishop of Leiria. Archbishop Bertone therefore asked: “Why only after 1960? Was it Our Lady who fixed that date?” Sister Lucia replied: “It was not Our Lady. I fixed the date because I had the intuition that before 1960 it would not be understood, but that only later would it be understood. Now it can be better understood. I wrote down what I saw; however it was not for me to interpret it, but for the Pope [SOURCE: The Message of Fatima (Vatican doc.)].

The reason the Vatican had to ask Sr. Lucia to clarify this is that the apparition rumor-net had been circulating allegations that Mary herself had commanded that the message be "read to the world" by "1960 at the latest." (The apparition rumor-net is second only to the papal rumor-net in rumor generating capacity.) These allegations were then used to denounce John XXIII (pope in 1960) and every subsequent pope for not announcing the secret to the world "as Mary had commanded."

Now that we know the straight story, it serves as a good caution to all of us to CHECK OUR FACTS INSTEAD OF JUST REPEATING RUMORS!!! (Unfortunately, the advent of the blogosphere may not play the same fact-checking function for the apparition and papal rumor-nets as it does for the MSM.)

That being said, I had a few thoughts recently about why the third secret was best kept under wraps until 1960 (and even after):

  1. The third secret was written down January 3, 1944, in the midst of World War II. Since the third secret contains a vision of a devastated city and a large number of people, including the pope, apparently being killed, if it had been released in 1944 it likely would have been interpreted as a prophecy of the events of World War II instead of the accurate interpretation of it as pertaining to the events of World War III (the Cold War). Indeed, Pius XII already thought that Hitler was going to have him kidnapped, and as we’ve recently learned Hitler did order the pope to be kidnapped (but the general didn’t carry out the order). If Pius had read it in 1944, he likely would have thought (incorrectly) that he would be martyred by Hitler.
  2. Since Sr. Lucia already sensed that the third secret pertains to the part of the second secret where it is mentioned that "Russia will spread its errors," she deferred its opening to 1960, a date that she intuited needed to be reached for it to be properly understood. Indeed, by that time the Cold War was under way and the threat posed by Russia was well understood.
  3. It’s even good that the message was not announced to the world at that time. If it had been it might have resulted in a self-fulfilling prophecy of a pope being killed (i.e., some nujob might have taken it into his nogging to off the pope and thus fulfill the third secret).
  4. It’s also good that it wasn’t announced because the assassination attempt on John Paul II did not occur until May 13, 1981. If the secret had been known publicly beforehand then we would not be able as clearly to see this date as linking it to Fatima (May 13 was the first appearance of Our Lady of Fatima) since we wouldn’t be able to be sure that the would-be assassin (or his paymasters) didn’t know this and didn’t engineer it to occur on that date because of the third secret.
  5. It’s even good that, though others had read the third secret previously, John Paul II had not read it before the assassination attempt. At first he did not see the connection between the May 13 assassination attempt and Fatima, but when he read the third secret afterwards, the scales fell from his eyes (figuratively!) and he credited Our Lady of Fatima with saving his life. This helped motivate him to perform the consecration of Russia (and, for good measure, the rest of the world) in 1984.

This consecration, coupled with John Paul II’s role in the end of the Cold War, may have averted a nuclear war that might otherwise have ben the terminus of the U.S.-Soviet conflict (note the third secret’s reference to a angel’s flaming sword about to set the world on fire but stopped by Mary’s intervention).

It’s interesting to observe that the secret of Fatima addressed each of the first three world wars:

  • [Addressing World War I:] "If what I say to you is done, many souls will be saved and there will be peace. The war is going to end. . . . "
  • [Addressing World War II:] " . . . but if people do not cease offending God, a worse one will break out during the Pontificate of Pius XI."
  • [Addressing World War III:] "If my requests are heeded, Russia will be converted, and there will be peace; if not, she will spread her errors throughout the world, causing wars and persecutions of the Church."

Unfortunatley, it said nothing about World War IV (the War on Terror), which we are now in the midst of. We know this because in the wake of September 11th and the start of World War IV,

The content of the interview held between the Vatican representative and Sister Lucia in the convent of Coimbra, Portugal, where she resided, was made public by the Vatican press office on Dec. 20, 2001.

The text of the document states: "In recent months, especially following the sad events of the September 11 terrorist attacks, articles appeared in newspapers alleging new revelations by Sister Lucia, announcements of letters of warning to the Pope, and apocalyptic reinterpretations of the Fatima message."

"Moreover, emphasis was placed on the suspicion that the Holy See had not published the entire text of the third part of the secret, and some ‘Fatimist’ movements have repeated the accusation that the Holy Father has yet to consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary," the document continues.

As a result, the Vatican note clarifies, it was considered necessary that Archbishop Bertone go personally "to clarify and obtain direct information from the visionary."

The meeting was held in the presence of Father Luis Kondor, vice postulator of the cause of Blessed Francisco and Jacinta (the other Fatima visionaries), and of the prioress of St. Teresa’s Carmelite Convent.

The conversation took place on the afternoon of that Nov. 17 and lasted more than two hours. Sister Lucia, then 94, "was in great form — lucid and vivacious," the Vatican envoy said.

The meeting addressed the question of the third part of the secret of Fatima. The Portuguese religious said that she had read "carefully and meditated on the fascicle published by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and confirms everything that is written," the Vatican statement noted.

When the archbishop explained that there are doubts that part of the secret remains unknown, Sister Lucia replied: "Everything has been published; there are no more secrets."

"If I had received new revelations, I would not have communicated them to anyone, but I would have told them directly to the Holy Father," the religious added.

There was then talk about the statements of Nicholas Gruner, a Canadian priest suspended "a divinis," who is collecting signatures insisting that the Pope finally consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, and alleging that this has never been done.

Sister Lucia told the archbishop: "The Carmel community has rejected the forms for the collection of signatures. I have already said that the consecration requested by Our Lady was done in 1984, and it has been accepted in heaven" [SOURCE.]

Take that, rumor-net!

READ MY PIECE ON THE THIRD SECRET.

READ THE VATICAN DOC ANNOUNCING THE THIRD SECRET.

This Isn’t Exactly News But . . .

HITLER ORDERED PIUS XII TO BE KIDNAPPED.

Fortunately, the general ordered to do it didn’t carry out the order.

Pius XII was aware that he was likely to get kidnapped by Hitler, and (so I’ve read in books about him) left instructions that he was to be considered to have resigning the papacy as soon as he was abducted, so that he couldn’t be used (as well) as a political tool by Hitler and so that a new pope could be elected.

Fortunately, those contingency plans never had to be activated.

This isn’t exactly news, but I’m glad it’s getting attention in the press, as it puts the kibosh on the idea that Pius XII was sympathetic to or in league with Hitler. In fact, the two men despised each other.

I wonder if this story has anything to do with John Cornwell’s recent retraction of his charge that Pius XII was "Hitler’s Pope."