Lenten Penance Suggestions

A reader writes:

I am attending RCIA this year, and with Lent fast approaching, my sponsor and I are trying to come up with an appropriate penance.

There are a number of caveats, however, that are making this a challenge.  I am a single parent of a daughter who is a few years old (just baptized recently!); I work full-time; and I attend school part-time.  I rarely watch television (because the programming appalls/bores me) or eat out (because I simply can’t afford to).  I suffer from depression related to a medical condition for up to a week each month.  Last year, I determined to say the Rosary everyday.  While it was enlightening to do so, it may not have been the wisest choice; I didn’t realize that it was all Sorrowful Mysteries through Lent, so I was in a funk for a month after Easter.

My boyfriend jokes that my lifestyle is so Spartan that it seems there’s nothing to give up; certainly, the only things are to diligently start or stop doing something.  The only trick is figuring out what that ought to be.

First of all, I want to say that it is wonderful to hear how God is moving in your life, in spite of the difficulties you are facing right now.

Concerning Lenten penances, you should be aware that, except for the fast and abstinence that will be required after you become Catholic (unless your medical condition interferes with them), it is not mandatory that you "give up something for Lent." This is a common and praiseworthy custom, but not a requirement.

Here’s how the Code of Canon Law describes what Catholics do on penitential days, like those in Lent:

Can.  1249 The divine law binds all the Christian faithful to do penance each in his or her own way. In order for all to be united among themselves by some common observance of penance, however, penitential days are prescribed on which the Christian faithful devote themselves in a special way to prayer, perform works of piety and charity, and deny themselves by fulfilling their own obligations more faithfully and especially by observing fast and abstinence, according to the norm of the following canons.

If you want to do something special for Lent, you could add something–prayer, acts of piety, acts of charity–rather than giving something up. Indeed, your decision last year to say the Rosary would be an act of adding a prayer (though you can take it easy on yourself regarding the mysteries if you choose to do that again; the sorrowful mysteries are not mandatory in Lent, and if you find they exacerbate your depression, you can say the joyful or glorious or luminous ones instead). If you would prefer to do something else, you could also choose to say some other prayer or do a little Scripture reading or study the Catechism a little in preparation for becoming Catholic.

One thing that the canon above mentions as a form of self-denial is striving to fulfill one’s duties more faithfully, and you could simply try to apply yourself a little more in your daily situations.

Given the depression that you face, I would consider doing something to resist the depression, such as thinking about the blessings that you do have in your life (like your daughter!) and thanking God for them. Or you might decide to try to go out of your way to get your daughter to smile or laugh, thus bringing joy to her and making you feel good, too.

Also, don’t feel that you have to commit to just one thing for the whole of Lent. If you find that whatever you choose isn’t benefitting you, or benefitting you that day, then feel free to switch to something else, or simply skip it that day. These voluntary penances are meant to encourage us gently to grow in holiness, and if you find yourself being unduly burdened by them, it is a sign that you need to let up on yourself or switch to something else.

I hope this helps, and God bless you as you approach your reception into the Church!

20

My General Christmas Present

Like everybody, when I give Christmas presents, I try to match the present to the person to whom I am giving it.

This ain’t always easy.

It’s often hard to figure out something (a) that the person would like and (b) that the person doesn’t already have.

Sometimes you have a promising candidate, but you’re not sure, and so you just have to take your best guess and accept the risk that they won’t like it or that they already have it.

But if you have a large number of people that you are buying presents for–family, friends, co-workers–then the process of finding individualized presents for everyone can be extraordinarily difficult.

One solution in recent years has been getting gift certificates/gift cards for people. Those get you around the problems mentioned above, since the person can pick for himself what he’d like, and they’re useful. This year I asked my own family for gift certificates from a particular online service so that they wouldn’t be burdened with figuring out something that I would like and that I didn’t already have.

But there can also be a desire to give something that is specific, and I have that desire myself. One of the ways I’ve tried to do this in recent years is by figuring out a general Christmas present that I can give people if I don’t already have something in mind for them.

I have several criteria that I look for in a general Christmas present. I want them to enjoy it, so I look for something that I myself have really enjoyed. I also don’t want them to already have it, so I generally try to pick something that has just come out.

A few years ago, when The Incredibles had just come out on DVD, that was my general Christmas gift. That was something I really liked; it was wholesome enough that almost everyone would enjoy it; and it was brand new.

This year my general Christmas present is occasioned by the election of His Most Awesomeness B16. It’s a new book that I really enjoy and appreciate.

Letgodslightshineforth_1
It’s Robert Moynihan’s Let God’s Light Shine Forth: The Spiritual Vision of Pope Benedict XVI.

The first third of the book is devoted to Joseph Ratzinger’s life story, and it hits the major events of it all the way up to his election as pope. It also includes the author’s personal reminisences of Pre-16 (Robert Moynihan is the editor of the magazine Inside the Vatican, and so he knew him before his election).

The last two thirds of the book are brief passages from a variety of writings by Cardinal Ratzinger that express his views on different topics. It’s divided into three sections: His Faith, Today’s World, and The Church Pilgrim.

The first covers Pre-16’s thoughts on things such as God, Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, Mary, Judaism, the Church, and the Sacraments.

The second covers things like Morality, Marriage and Family Life, Social Justice, Politics, Culture and the Arts, Modernity, Ecumenism and Other Religions, Bioethics, and the Challenges of the Future.

The third covers things like Loneliness, Suffering, Sin, Death, Faith, Hope, Love, Holiness, Eternal Life, and True Joy.

The final part of the book includes B16’s first words, his first message to the world, and his first homily as pope.

All in all, it is a book that I myself am really enjoying–so much so that I decided before I’d even finished it to make it my present for Catholic friends this year unless I already had something distinctive in mind for them.

You might consider it as well–or consider it for yourself.

Immaculate Conception

Immaculate_conception

Today is a holy day of obligation in the United States, so if you’re in the United States, be sure to go to Mass.

Also as a result of it being a holy day, I won’t be blogging, but feel to have fun with the archives and the comboxes!

God bless!

Here’s what the Compendium has to say about the Immaculate Conception:

96. What does the “Immaculate Conception” mean?

God freely chose Mary from all eternity to be the Mother of his Son. In order to carry out her mission she herself was conceived immaculate. This means that, thanks to the grace of God and in anticipation of the merits of Jesus Christ, Mary was preserved from original sin from the first instant of her conception.

And here’s what the Catechism has to say:

491 Through the centuries the Church has become ever more aware that Mary, "full of grace" through God, was redeemed from the moment of her conception. That is what the dogma of the Immaculate Conception confesses, as Pope Pius IX proclaimed in 1854:

The most Blessed Virgin Mary was, from the first moment of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege of almighty God and by virtue of the merits of Jesus Christ, Saviour of the human race, preserved immune from all stain of original sin.

492 The "splendour of an entirely unique holiness" by which Mary is "enriched from the first instant of her conception" comes wholly from Christ: she is "redeemed, in a more exalted fashion, by reason of the merits of her Son". The Father blessed Mary more than any other created person "in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places" and chose her "in Christ before the foundation of the world, to be holy and blameless before him in love".

493 The Fathers of the Eastern tradition call the Mother of God "the All-Holy" (Panagia), and celebrate her as "free from any stain of sin, as though fashioned by the Holy Spirit and formed as a new creature". By the grace of God Mary remained free of every personal sin her whole life long.

MORE INFO ON THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION.

Advent: What do you do?

SDG here to thank everyone who commented on my earlier "Advent, Pre-16 and The Nativity Story" thread.

The discussion (still ongoing!) on The Nativity Story has been particularly interesting — but I don’t want the subject of Advent and Christmas to get lost either. (That’s what I get for cramming too much subject matter into one post… a symptom of posting as infrequently as I do.)

Some readers did comment on practices and customs in their homes (and thank you to those who did!), but I’m hoping there’s more Adventy goodness out there in JA.org reader-land.

What goes on in your home during the weeks of Advent? Do you an Advent wreath? Do you set up a creche? Decorate your house? How and when?

What, if anything, do you do to keep Advent different from Christmas? If you have kids, how do you involve them?

I know one common custom with creches is to set up the whole creche except for the Christ child at the center, and then to place the Christ child in the creche on Christmas eve.

I’ve also heard of a custom involving the Magi figures, in which they are originally placed somewhere at a significant distance from the creche, and are periodically moved closer to the creche, and finally arrive on Christmas eve. Anyone do anything like that?

Do you listen to music during Advent? During Christmas? What are your favorite CDs (or MP3s or whatever)?

Please share your thoughts in the combox!

What’s With All The Purple?

I’ve recently got a couple of e-mails on similar themes. First, a reader writes:

There seems to be some confusion as to the mind of the Church on what
exactly our approach to Advent to be.  History seems to attribute to it a
penitential character similar to Lent.  The purple vestments, the biblical
sense of preparring for something very important with fasting, the
"interruption" of the season with a note of a special Sunday–Gaudete
Sunday for Advent–to remind the faithful of the ultimate goal and to
lighten the burden, so to speak, these all seem to point the way for the
exhortation to the faithful to go beyond their normal course of dailly
taking up their crosses and takin gon more fasting, prayer and almsgiving.

However, I am not aware of any such documented canon, encyclical, precept
or the like such as we have with Lent that calls for this.  We, of course,
as Catholics are not just peple of the book or written word, but in the
modern world, documentation is generally the way the Church communicates
her mind.  She certainly does so regarding Lent and this exhortation
trickles down quite clearly via your local parish in many–I would
speculate–if not most or all places, at least in the United States.

So, do you have any sources to which we can turn in addition to what
comments you have to offer about the season of Advent and penance?

I would venture to say that many Catholics have no idea Advent is
penitential in nature and they have to treat it as such by their
practices.

Then another reader writes:

I had a question which has been bugging me and I can’t seem to get a good answer except that it seems like "things have changed."  Whenever I read something pre-Vatican II it seems like Advent is considered a penitential season.  Not as solemn or penitential as Lent, but nonetheless, penitential.
Yet, I am confronted with Msgr. Peter Elliot’s rather emphatic statement of "The season with which the liturgical year begins is not penitential." – p. 34, #42, "Ceremonies of the Liturgical Year"
This seems to be at a difference to the actual practices of wearing violet, not singing the Gloria, not using the organ as much, or not decorating the altar with flowers as much.  Even the Saints (I believe Saint Francis in his Rule) have referred to Advent as the "little Lent."

I was curious if you knew.

From the little I have read, there is not as much of a penitential nature to Advent as in the East, but I would think that if this is a time of preparation for the Coming of Christ (especially the 2nd Coming) that penance would be an intrinsic part of that preparation (for final judgement).

Given that Advent starts this Sunday, it seems timely to answer these questions, so here goes.

First, it seems that Advent has at least some penitential involvement in its origin. The Catholic Encyclopedia notes:

A synod held (581) at Mâcon, in Gaul, by its ninth canon orders that
from the eleventh of November to the Nativity the Sacrifice be offered
according to the Lenten  rite on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of the week.

And the Lenten practices, such as wearing purple, etc., are also strongly suggestive of a penitential season.

I don’t have verification that St. Francis referred to it as the "little Lent." I am aware, though, that that phrase is used in Eastern Orthodoxy.

So there’s certainly a penitential cloud swirling around Advent. Whether that actually solidified in the West such that Lent became a formal penitential season, I can’t say.

If it ever was formally a penitential season, it seems to have lost this character some time ago. The 1907 article in the Catholic Encyclopedia (linked above) does not mention it being penitential.

A check of the 1917 Code of Canon Law also reveals nothing of this sort. The 1917 Code doesn’t use the concept "penitential days." Instead, it uses "days of fast and abstinence" in its place, but when it’s setting forth the days of fast and abstinence, it doesn’t mention Advent (it does mention Lent).

When the General norms for the Liturgical Year and the calendar came out after Vatican II, it had this to say:

V. Advent

39. Advent has a twofold character: as a season to prepare for Christmas when Christ’s first coming to us is remembered; as a season when that remembrance directs the mind and heart to await Christ’s Second Coming at the end of time. Advent is thus a period for devout and joyful expectation.

40. Advent begins with evening prayer I of the Sunday falling on or closest to 30 November and ends before evening prayer I of Christmas.

41. The Sundays of this season are named the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Sundays of Advent.

The weekdays from 17 December to 24 December inclusive serve to prepare more directly for the Lord’s birth.

So no mention of it being a penitential season–unlike Lent, concerning which the General Norms state:

27. Lent is a preparation for the celebration of Easter. For the Lenten liturgy disposes both catechumens and the faithful to celebrate the paschal mystery: catechumens, through the several stages of Christian initiation; the faithful, through reminders of their own baptism and through penitential practices.

And when we look in the 1983 Code of Canon Law–which does use the concept of penitential days–we find:

Can.  1250 The penitential days and times in the universal Church are every Friday of the whole year and the season of Lent.

Bam.

So Advent is not a penitential season, at least in the universal law of the Latin Church.

Ya coulda fooled me!

I mean, what’s with all the purple?

One clue may be found in Wikipedia:

In the Roman Church the liturgical color of purple or violet is used in the liturgy. Often times the purple used is a darker purple (sometimes called "Royal Purple") whereas in Lent the color is often a reddish purple ("Roman Purple).

So maybe . . . just maybe . . . the purple in Advent is supposed to be a signification of the birth of a coming King rather than a sign of penance.

In any event, it ain’t a penitental season, so don’t beat yourself up. Do focus on preparing joyfully for getting ready for the commemoration of the birth and the anticipation of the return of the King.

As to how to do that in the concrete, you might want to check out The Catholic Home.

Ascension Thursday

Ascension

Today is Ascension Thursday–the celebration of Christ’s ascension into heaven, 40 days after Easter Sunday.

In many parts of the U.S. (though not in California, where I live), this is a holy day of obligation.

I view that as an absurdity. A country should either treat this as a holy day of obligation or not. Culture doesn’t vary that much within a country that it should have different holy days of obligation compared to other parts of the same country. But I’m not the one who makes the rules, and the Vatican approved the current arrangement.

Part of the edge for me is that–given St. Luke’s indication that the ascension occurred 40 days after Easter, we know (at least in approximate terms) that the Ascension occurred on a Thursday, and I don’t like the idea of transferring it to the following Sunday. Of all the holy days, we have special reason to place this one on a Thursday.

Part of it also is that I’ve stood on the place on the Mount of Olives where the site of the Ascention is commemorated by a stone tower, though no one knows precisely where on the mountain the spot was from which Jesus ascended.

Still, it makes it more real to me.

Regardless of what ecclesiastical province you live in–inside or outside of the United States–I hope that you have a very blessed celebration of the transition of Our Lord from this lowly, fallen world back to the realms of glory from which he descended.

Veiling of Crosses

We’re getting down to that time of year when the crosses in many parishes will be veiled, so it’s nice that the current edition of the BCL [Bishops’ Committee on Liturgy] Newsletter has a brief Q & A on the law regarding the veiling of crosses in the United States.

Here ’tis:

1. Does the new Missale Romanum allow for the veiling of statues and crosses?
The Missale Romanum, editio typica tertia, provides a rubric at the beginning of the texts for the Fifth Sunday of
Lent, which allows that: “the practice of covering crosses and images in the Church from the Fifth Sunday of Lent
is permitted, according to the judgment of the Conferences of Bishops. Crosses remain veiled until the end of the
celebration of the Lord’s Passion on Good Friday; images remain veiled until the beginning of the Easter Vigil.”


2. Have the Bishops of the Unites States expressed the judgment on this practice?

Yes. On June 14, 2001, the Latin Church members of the USCCB approved an adaptation to number 318 of the
General Instruction of the Roman Missal which would allow for the veiling of crosses and images in this manner.
On April 17, 2002, Cardinal Jorge Medina Estevez, Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the
Discipline of the Sacraments wrote to Bishop Wilton D. Gregory, USCCB President (Prot. no. 1381/01/L), noting
that this matter belonged more properly to the rubrics of the Fifth Sunday of Lent. While the decision of the
USCCB will be included with this rubric when the Roman Missal is eventually published, the veiling of crosses
and images may now take place at the discretion of the local pastor.


3. When may crosses and images be veiled?

Crosses and images may be veiled on the Fifth Sunday of Lent. Crosses are unveiled following the Good Friday
Liturgy, while images are unveiled before the beginning of the Easter Vigil.


3. Is the veiling of crosses and statues required?

No. The veiling is offered as an option, at the discretion of the local pastor.


3. What is the reason for the veiling of crosses and images?

The veiling of crosses and images is a sort of “fasting” from sacred depictions which represent the paschal glory
of our salvation. Just as the Lenten fast concludes with the Paschal feast, so too, our fasting from the cross
culminates in an adoration of the holy wood on which the sacrifice of Calvary was offered for our sins. Likewise,
a fasting from the glorious images of the mysteries of faith and the saints in glory, culminates on the Easter night
with a renewed appreciation of the glorious victory won by Christ, risen from the tomb to win for us eternal life.


4. Why are crosses unveiled after the Good Friday Liturgy?

An important part of the Good Friday Liturgy is the veneration of the cross, which may include its unveiling.
Once the cross to be venerated has been unveiled, it seems logical that all crosses would remain unveiled for the
veneration of the faithful.


5. What do the veils look like?

While liturgical law does not prescribe the form or color of such veils, they have traditionally been made of
simple, lightweight purple cloth, without ornament.


6. Is it permissible to veil the crosses after the Mass of the Lord’s Supper on Holy Thursday?

Yes. The concluding rubrics which follow the text for the Mass of the Lord’s Supper (no. 41) indicate that “at an
opportune time the altar is stripped and, if it is possible, crosses are removed from the church. It is fitting that
crosses which remain in the Church be veiled.”

Why there are three different Question #3s in the list, I couldn’t tell ya, but the data’s good.

St. Patrick’s Day/Friday/Lent/Meat

Today is St. Patrick’s Day–and it’s a Friday during Lent. So the big question on everybody’s mind is: "Do we get to eat meat today?"

The answer is: It depends.

What it depends on is whether or not your bishop has dispensed everybody from the requirement of abstaining from meat.

St. Patrick’s Day is not a solemnity in the U.S. (though it is actually a holy day of obligation in Ireland, I recenlty learned–understandably since he was the single most important guy in the conversion of the Irish to the faith) and so it does not automatically override the abstinence requirement the way that solemnities do.

This means that your bishop has a choice of either doing nothing and letting the abstinence requirement stand or of dispensing folks so they can have corned beef with their cabbage (or whatever).

I know that the bishop of San Diego did dispense the requirement, and I’ve been told that the folks in New York City are similarly dispensed.

(BTW, for folks in other countries, y’all ought not to assume from this blog that you’re necessarily obligated to abstain. That’s U.S. practice on Fridays of Lent, but it’s not the practice everywhere. I recently got a new commentary on the Code of Canon Law that had an appendix with the particular legislation for other English-speaking countries, and I was startled to see how much variation there is on this point in other parts of the world. More on that another time.)

If you know what your bishop has done, you might want to share it in the combox so others won’t have to call the chancery and ask.