Son Of St. Augustine

Those looking for insights into the theological thought of Pope Benedict XVI will need to set aside the Summa Theologica and dust off their copies of The City of God.  While reading George Weigel’s biography of John Paul II, Witness to Hope, I came across the interesting tidbit that Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger was the first prefect in centuries of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith who was not a Thomist.  Weigel didn’t specifically mention who Ratzinger’s theological inspiration was, but I assumed it was Augustine of Hippo; an assumption that appears to have been on target:

"Joseph Ratzinger describes how he prefers Augustine to Thomas Aquinas, ‘whose crystal-clear logic seemed to me to be too closed in on itself, too impersonal and ready-made.’ Anyone familiar with Augustine and Aquinas would at least pause to reflect on this remark from a man characterized in the press as an inquisitor, rottweiler, enforcer.

"Augustine is the more mystical personality, closer in some ways to the ‘new age’ impulses of our times. In the writings of Augustine, arguably the most complex mind Christianity has produced, the exercise of deep faith carries with it the possibility of what I would call a ‘high’ experience in one’s pursuit of and relationship to God. That was the Church of the 5th century. In our time, religion has become freighted with correct politics (the Left) or correct morality (the Right), rather than the substance of one’s relationship with God."

GET THE STORY.

Waiting For Popot And The Pill

Abigail Palmer has diagnosed the preeminent problem of American Catholics:

"American Catholics are the most spoiled Catholics on the planet. A Catholic in Baghdad just hopes that his church won’t be bombed this Sunday; Sudanese Catholics hope that they can face another day without brutal, unspeakable religious persecution. In many of the dioceses of the world, a roof on the church or running water would be nice. And we, in all of our prosperity, want more ease. We can go to church when we like, say what we like, do what we like. We want, if it’s even possible in this world, an easier life, a life less uncomfortable, and one that doesn’t involve explaining ‘arcane’ doctrines to non-believers. The idea of prosperous people sliding into laziness and insolence is not unheard of in history. The real outrage is that it is happening to a people who has received teachings that extol sacrifice, humility, fidelity, and love of the helpless and lowly. The excuse ‘But Zeus does it, too’ won’t work for us."

Go, GET THE STORY; don’t come back until you do.

Back, already? Then, for Exhibit A in support of this diagnosis, Dale Price of Dyspeptic Mutterings renders another brilliant fisking, this time of Fr. Charles Curran.

GET THE FISK.

The Shepherd And The Cats

While cruising around the Catholic Answers Forums recently, I came across a thread titled "Papa Ratz & the cats" discussing an article on our new Pope that mentions his fondness for cats.  In the course of the thread, while discussing Pope Benedict’s new nickname "The German Shepherd," a participant linked to an image that I have decided is my now-favorite image of this new papacy:

The Good Shepherd (Sorry, I haven’t gotten the image display capability mastered yet.)

Cats are very independent creatures, used to having things their own way.  They may deign to show you affection occasionally … usually when they are trying to con you into tuna and cream or an ear scratch.  In other words, they’re independent until they want something out of you, which makes them a better symbol of the American (and Western) spirit than the bald eagle.

Someone I once spoke with used this simile for a difficult task: "I bet it’s as easy as herding cats."  That image stuck with me, and I’m glad it did, because that is what our new Pope is being called to do: To be a German Shepherd corralling a herd of cats.  The image linked above is a vivid image of the reality that I’m sure he’ll be up to the job.  I’ve ordered a copy of the print, though, and plan to use it as a visual reminder to pray for His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI and to pray for the flock of cats under his care.

Wanted: Dead And Alive

I don’t know what upsets me the most about WorldNetDaily‘s recent article on a pregnant woman who tried to abort her son and then tried to save him when he was born alive but was ignored by the abortion clinic’s staff. Was it the fact that the mother sought a "painless," "humane" murder of her son? Yes, but on the positive side, she appears to have been truly distraught over the entire episode and sincerely repentant once she held her squirming son but was unable to get anyone to help her save his life.

"[The baby’s] right leg moved. He curled up a bit like he was cold; I screamed for Violene [a staff member]! No one came. I managed to get to the doorway, pants down, blood everywhere and yelled again. I went back to my baby. I heard her say she’d be right there.

"I showed her Rowan [the child], told her he was alive and moving and to call 911! She took a quick look, said he’s not moving now and she’d be back to take care of things while walking out. I called her again. I was touching Rowan softly and he moved again. I called her back. Rowan jumped, I think startled by the loud sound of my calling for help. I showed her that he was moving and alive. I begged her to hurry and call 911, now!"

I guess what it must have been the clinic’s entirely unresponsive reaction to the whole situation. The mother reports being ignored, then being told to hand over her child, then being handed a "bag of medicine" before being shown the door. This, I guess, is the scary part. There’s almost a numbness, a deadness, in the various reactions of the staff.

But then I guess, logically speaking, such reactions on the staff’s part makes the most sense of all; however hideous such reactions also are.

GET THE STORY.

(Nod to Some Have Hats for the link.  WARNING: Graphic pictures.  Apologies for failing to note this earlier.)

Our Lady Of The Underpass, Redux

Kewly enough, I noticed that my humble post on "Our Lady of the Underpass" has been picked up elsewhere. However, not all readers of this blog have yet picked up on the distinction that JimmyAkin.org is currently a group blog, so my post was mistakenly attributed to Jimmy. James White of Alpha & Omega Ministries writes:

"And finally, Dave Armstrong saw my note on Mary stains, and has fulfilled my wildest dreams by telling his fellow Catholics to get a grip (a little paraphrase there). Thank you Mr. Armstrong. Now, if you could be so kind as to go down to Chicago and try that out in front of all those folks lighting candles, I’d like to see their reaction. Or, how about cleaning the stain off the wall while explaining that? Yes, that would be interesting. But maybe Armstrong will comment on this amazing comment cited by Jimmy Akin about the same ‘stains.’"

[White here cites the original post. His editorial comment: "Um … yeah, wow. OK."]

Since the post has garnered a bit of controversy, even within the comments section of my post itself, I decided that a bit of clarification would be helpful:

The commenter I cited, a reader of Relapsed Catholic, implicitly agreed that the stains on the wall in question are just that, stains. As one reader of my post pointed out, when Mary actually appears, she simply appears. In all true apparitions, it’s really Mary, not an image in toast, oil, or any other material thing:

"These things ARE NOT MARY. They are nothing, just shadows, oil slicks, water stains. Our Lady NEVER appears IN something, IN some medium. She simply APPEARS. I am really sick of these stories, they really get my goat. Don’t these people know ANYTHING about verified Marian appearances? Rant over. For now" (emphasis is the reader’s).

(As a quick side note, even the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, miraculously impressed on St. Juan Diego’s tilma, is just that: An image.  It was an image given as a sign to verify the reality of the apparitions given to St. Juan Diego himself.)

The distinction the person I quoted was trying to make, a distinction with which I agreed, is that it is in line with a genuinely Catholic piety to consider shapes vaguely similar to Mary to be images — icons, if you will — of Mary placed within creation. If such shapes are indeed placed within creation, then God does it; something Relapsed Catholic’s commenter states whimsically by attributing the deed to the Child Jesus scribbling pictures of Mommy.

The Catholic worldview is an inherently sacramental and incarnational worldview. Because Catholics experience God spiritually through the physical reality of the sacraments, it is natural for them to instinctively see God’s hand at work in the physical order of things. That sacramental experience of God enables Catholics to draw more deeply from the reality of the Incarnation than might non-sacramental Christians who only experience God cerebrally. Thus, Catholics can draw connections that might otherwise horrify non-sacramental Christians. "Our Lady of the Underpass" is one example.

As another example, I once read a book on St. Joseph which quoted a Catholic saying that he especially loved St. Joseph because St. Joseph taught God how to be a man. When I first read that, I loved the idea but realized that this was a deeply Catholic sentiment that might well repulse Protestant Fundamentalists. It’s not because they would disagree that Joseph was entrusted by God to raise and rear Jesus Christ; it’s because they have not deeply pondered, as Catholics have over many centuries, what it means for God to have chosen to become a man.  What it means that he chose to enter humanity as a baby rather than as a man full-grown.  The repulsion would be the first instinct, the pious Christian reaction that it is impossible for man to teach God anything, even, to a certain extent, how to be a man.  It would take deeper reflection to realize that there is nothing wrong with saying that Christ’s earthly father taught him some of what it means to be a man, just as human fathers do for human sons.

Getting back to the original point: In short, yes, designs that appear to resemble Mary should not be mistaken for "apparitions" around which followings presumably develop. At best, such natural designs of sacred images are natural icons open to interpretation by others who may see other, non-sacred designs in them. Just like icons, such images should not be worshipped, but if they point the person onward to Mary and through her to Christ, neither should they be condemned. (And, in distinction to sacred icons, which should be treated with the reverence due such icons, there would be nothing wrong with eating a "Marian" grilled-cheese sandwich or scrubbing a "Marian" oil slick from a wall.)

Those non-sacramental Christians critiquing the Catholic reaction to such images should at least remember that the Catholic worldview is finely attuned to seeing the supernatural within the natural creation of God. Such Christians may not understand the conclusions Catholic draw from such a sensitivity to creation, but should at least be able to agree that it expresses a genuine Christian sentiment that all creation (which includes sandwiches and oil slicks), of which Christ is the firstborn, was created in Christ and for Christ, and thus gives glory to him (cf. Col. 1:15-16).

New Pope’s Reaction To Ratzinger Fan Club

Apparently the former Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI, was once presented with a Ratzinger Fan Club t-shirt, enjoyed it, but claimed he couldn’t keep it because he couldn’t be his own fan:

“He was humble, outgoing and laughed at a T-shirt that read ‘The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club.’

“That’s how Chris Haehnel, 15, of St. Charles, remembers his visit in Rome with the man who Tuesday became Pope Benedict XVI.

[…]

“Chris, then a freshman at Duchesne High School in St. Charles, already had studied Ratzinger and papal politics. He said he liked Ratzinger’s conservative stands on moral issues. He gave Ratzinger a T-shirt he bought from an online fan club.

“On the front, it read ‘The Cardinal Ratzinger Fan Club. Putting the smackdown on heresy since 1981.’ Ratzinger was head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and combating heresy was part of his job.

“Ratzinger laughed at the shirt, Chris said, but said he couldn’t keep it because he couldn’t be his own fan. When he flipped over the shirt to find a quote attributed to him — ‘Truth is not determined by a majority vote’ — he laughed again and said, ‘That’s true. That’s true.’ Chris still has the shirt.”

GET THE STORY.

Our Lady of the Underpass

Ordinarily, I don’t pay much attention to "sightings" of Mary in all manner of creation. It kind of reminds me of the child’s game of spotting pictures in clouds. That’s not a bad thing, per se, but certainly not something that should be taken seriously. So, when I saw this story about another such "sighting," I sighed and shrugged.

However, a reader over at Relapsed Catholic had a wonderful comment on the matter, also working in an observation about our new Pope:

"I saw a clip today of a young German woman being interviewed in Rome. I forget her exact words, but she indicated that the election of Benedict represents the redemption of Germany: the country that produced Hitler has now produced a Pope. What a neat thought! [Especially when one remembers that both men were born on Holy Saturday. –MA]

"You probably caught that ‘Our Lady of the Underpass’ story. I admit I tend to roll my eyes when people see the Blessed Virgin in pieces of toast and parking garage walls. However, lately I’ve been smiling at the idea of the Child Jesus scribbling pictures of Mommy all over — just because he can, you know?"

Have You Hugged Your Cardinal Today?

Well, perhaps a cheery letter of gratitude for the gift of Pope Benedict XVI will do.

Seriously, though, in making the rounds of St. Blog’s Parish, one gets the impression that there may be the idea floating about orthodox Catholic circles that the Holy Spirit is wholly and entirely responsible for the surprise election of Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, perhaps anointing Cardinal Ratzinger pope ex nihilo.

It ain’t so.

The Holy Spirit surely provided the cardinals with the graces they needed to assist their prudential judgment, but he did not override any cardinal’s free will.  It was each and every cardinal who voted for Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger who freely inked Ratzinger’s name onto the ballot.  According to stories of the conclave that are beginning to emerge, the number of those cardinals may have been over one hundred on the final ballot — well above the number necessary for the two-thirds super-majority:

"Italian newspapers, considered to have the best inside track on events inside the secret meeting, agreed that Ratzinger garnered well over the two thirds, or 77, votes he needed from the 115 voting cardinals.

"Some suggested he won more than 100.

"The votes reflected the desire by the princes of the Church for an uncompromising and capable leader to face the myriad challenges of the 21st century."

GET THE STORY.

I freely admit that I was apprehensive following the death of John Paul II, somewhat worried about who would emerge as our new Holy Father. Not wanting to be disappointed, I had completely eliminated Cardinal Ratzinger from the running and was rooting for Francis Cardinal Arinze, a conservative who appeared to be a "safer" choice for the cardinals. There were also a few other cardinals I had heard good things about and would have welcomed.

But the cardinals proved themselves men of courage and conviction, far exceeding my shallow expectations. For that, they deserve our gratitude and respect. It should also give us great hope for future conclaves years — prayerfully, many, many years — from now.

The Pope’s Catholic?!

Great editorial by Gerard Baker of the London Times:

"What has been most enjoyable about the stunned reaction of the bulk of the media to the election of Pope Benedict XVI has been the simple incredulousness at the very idea that a man such as Joseph Ratzinger could possibly have become leader of the universal Church.

"Journalists and pundits for whom the Catholic Church has long been an object of anthropological curiosity fringed with patronising ridicule have really let themselves go since the new pontiff emerged. Indeed most of the coverage I have seen or read could be neatly summarised as: ‘Cardinals elect Catholic Pope. World in Shock.’"

GET THE STORY.

Holy Coincidences

If you can stand any more holy coincidences from this past extraordinary month, I’ve got a few more for you:

On Tuesday as I was getting ready for work, I glanced at my calendar to see if there was any saint this week to whom I could pray for the conclave. I saw St. Anselm for April 21, sent up a quick prayer, and promptly thought no more about it. Today at Mass, Father mentioned that St. Anselm was a Benedictine. After glancing through his online biography, I note that he was also a theological writer (indeed, eventually, a Doctor of the Church) and a counselor to Popes Gregory VII and Urban II.

Hmmm.

Then it occurred to me that our new Pope will be installed this Sunday, April 24, the fifth Sunday of Easter. For the fifth Sunday of Easter, the Gospel reading will be on Christ’s declaration that he is the Way, the Truth, and the Life; something that Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger firmly upheld in the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith’s document Dominus Iesus. But if April 24 hadn’t been an Easter Sunday, would there have been a saint’s memorial that day?

Yes. Please meet St. Fidelis of Sigmaringen, born in Germany, martyred in Switzerland while preaching to the Calvinists and Zwinglians, canonized by Pope Benedict XIV. According to the Patron Saints Index linked above, among the symbols used to represent him are "a club set with spikes; … a whirlbat; heretics; … [and] Saint Joseph of Leonissa." He’s commonly pictured "trampling on ‘Heresy’; with an angel carrying a palm of martyrdom; [and] the Morning Star."

Lastly, here’s the money quote attributed to St. Fidelis:

"Woe to me if I should prove myself but a halfhearted soldier in the service of my thorn-crowned Captain."