“A Very Naughty Historian”

Elaine_pagelsFolks may have heard about Elaine Pagels, who is most famed as the author of The Gnostic Gospels (not the Gnostic gospels themselves, but a book by the same name). She is billed as an expert in Gnosticism and early Christianity and has recently been used as the go-to gal for the MSM wanting juicy pro-heresy quotes on subjects like The Da Vinci Code and the Gospel of Judas.

HERE’S AN ARTICLE BY FR. PAUL MANKOWSKI AT THE PONTIFICAL BIBLICAL INSTITUTE ARGUING THAT ELAINE PAGELS IS  NO SCHOLAR.

EXCERPTS:

Pagels has carpentered a non-existent quotation, putatively from an ancient source, by silent suppression of relevant context, silent omission of troublesome words, and a mid-sentence shift of 34 chapters backwards through the cited text, so as deliberately to pervert the meaning of the original. While her endnote calls the quote "conflated," the word doesn’t fit even as a euphemism: what we have is not conflation but creation.

Put simply, Irenaeus did not write what Prof. Pagels wished he would have written, so she made good the defect by silently changing the text. Creativity, when applied to one’s sources, is not a compliment. She is a very naughty historian.

Or she would be, were she judged by the conventional canons of scholarship. At the post-graduate institute where I teach, and at any university with which I am familiar, for a professor or a grad student intentionally to falsify a source is a career-ending offense. Among professional scholars, witness tampering is no joke: once the charge is proven, the miscreant is dismissed from the guild and not re-admitted.

I am not calling for academic sanctions but, more simply, for clarification. Pagels should be billed accurately — not as an expert on Gnosticism or Coptic Christianity but as what she is: a lady novelist.

Ouch!

Conjugal Relations

A reader writes:

Thank you for your entertaining and informative blog.

I would just like to ask you why you so confidently stated that the Church hasn’t addressed extra-marital intercourse. Pitting Humanae Vitae against the CCC and Merriam-Webster doesn’t seem the best way of ascertaining what Church _Latin_ means by the word "coniugale" (even though I can tell you right now that coniugale meant "marital" in classical Latin).

Moreover, as I point out in your comments box, John Chrysostom, Clement of Alexandria, and everyone else who spoke about contraception, condemn it in any act of intercourse, not just marital. Whether you’re married or not isn’t a matter of important when speaking of contraception.

I am curious whether you have any Church sources to back up your assertion that taking the Merriam-Webster definition over the translation of Humanae Vitae is something grounded in the mind of the Church.

Let’s do this a piece at a time:

Thank you for your entertaining and informative blog.

Thanks very much. I’m glad you find it entertaining and informative, and I wanted to make sure I quoted this part so folks could see that you weren’t just being negative toward me/the blog.

I would just like to ask you why you so confidently stated that the
Church hasn’t addressed extra-marital intercourse.

The Church has addressed extra-marital intercourse. It has said that it is gravely sinful. What I said was that "as Humanae Vitae 14 is worded, it is condemning the use of
contraception within marriage and not really going into its use outside
of marriage." I also said "The same tends to be true of other Church documents."

Pitting Humanae
Vitae against the CCC and Merriam-Webster doesn’t seem the best way of
ascertaining what Church _Latin_ means by the word "coniugale" (even
though I can tell you right now that coniugale meant "marital" in
classical Latin).

I was not "pitting" Humanae Vitae against the CCC and the Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary. I was pointing out a mistranslation in one English translation of HV and pointing to a correct translation of the same passage in the CCC.

The Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary has no bearing on any of this except to document the meaning of the word "conjugal" in English for those English speakers who may not be familiar with its meaning (since it’s a rather uncommon word that is only used technically and people may have read it without attending to its meaning).

Perhaps I could have been clearer about this, but the citation of the MWD is not to prove anything about Latin. If I wanted to prove something about Latin, I’d cite a Latin dictionary. It’s merely to document the meaning of the English word for those who may not know it and may have always assumed that the word meant "sexual" instead of "marital."

I didn’t see the need, here, to cite a Latin dictionary because (a) the meaning of the word is the same as its Latin cognate, (b) it looks the same as its cognate, so folks should be able to see the connection, and (c) I don’t feel the need to quote a foreign language dictionary every time I explain the meaning of a foreign language term.

If I explain that una casa blanca means "a white house" in Spanish, then I don’t feel the need to start cutting and pasting or re-keying from a dictionary. If the meaning of a term is clear, there is no need for this, and if the meaning of a term is unclear then I’m not going to be building my argument based on it.

In fact, the only time that I would be inclined to cite a dictionary is when the meaning of a term is in dispute.

Since you’ve disputed the meaning of this term (though admitting that in classical Latin it means what I say it means), let’s look at Leo F. Stelten’s Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, where we read:

conjugalis -is -e: conjugal, marital

conjugatus -a -um: married

conjugicidium -ii: n.; murder of one’s spouse

conjugium -ii: n.; union, connection, marriage, wedlock

conjugo -are: (1); unite in marriage

As you can see, the adjective in question, conjugalis (in blue) means just what it does in English: conjugal or marital. Even the ecclesiastical Latin cognates of this word (in black) are overwhelmingly oriented toward marriage.

Moreover, as I point out in your comments box, John Chrysostom, Clement
of Alexandria, and everyone else who spoke about contraception, condemn
it in any act of intercourse, not just marital. Whether you’re married
or not isn’t a matter of important when speaking of contraception.

This is as may be, and I would be perfectly happy if B16 or a future pope were to endorse this view. All I said was that Paul VI didn’t go so far as to do so and only addressed himself to the question of contraception in marriage as is obvious both from the term he used and the context in which he used it. (And I also indicated that recent magisterial documents follow his lead in this matter.)

I am curious whether you have any Church sources to back up your
assertion that taking the Merriam-Webster definition over the
translation of Humanae Vitae is something grounded in the mind of the
Church.

I don’t need any because I’m not reading tea leaves here. I’m explaining the plain meaning of the text in Latin, as backed up by (a) my knowledge of Latin, (b) what dictionaries of ecclesiastical Latin say, (c) the structure of the passage, (d) the concurrence of the translation of the same passage in the English version of the CCC, and (e) the concurrence of other Latinists who I know and have discussed this passage with (at least one of whom is a conservative moral theologian with an expertise in sexual ethics).

This just isn’t rocket science. It’s what the text says.

Now, I’d love to be able to point you to an Official Vatican Dictionary that contains technical definitions of every word ever appearing in every Vatican document, but there isn’t one. While the Holy See does maintain a list of Latin neologisms (e.g., the Latin word for "Internet" or "helicopter"), it doesn’t have an official dictionary of words whose meanings everybody already knows and has known for hundreds of years. It uses these words and expects people to know what they mean based on their ordinary meanings in ordinary dictionaries (Latin dictionaries in the case of documents whose editio typica is in Latin; dictionaries in other languages for documents whose editio typica is in another language).

Hopefully this clarifies matters.

Fr. Altier Update

I am not very familiar with the situation that has developed around Fr. Altier of the diocese of St. Paul-Minneapolis–in significant measure because many of the details have not been publicly announced, and I can’t vouch for the information that is currently being reported, but a reader writes:

Father Altier from St. Agnes in Saint Paul and the parish priest,  Father Weizbacher are being moved out of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul- Mpls as of June 17.

It was announced today at morning mass.

You heard it here first.

Unless you heard it elsewhere.

Extreme Diocesan Makeover

Bpfinn_2 There’s a new bishop in the Diocese of Kansas City-St. Joseph (Missouri) and the National Catholic Reporter is unhappy. No charges yet that this Opus Dei bishop is looking around for an albino assassin, but he has been shaking things up at his diocesan center:

"[Bishop Robert] Finn, 53, a priest of the St. Louis archdiocese and a member of the conservative Opus Dei movement, was named coadjutor of the Kansas City-St. Joseph diocese in March 2004. The diocese comprises 130,000 Catholics in 27 countries of northwest Missouri. He succeeded Bishop Raymond Boland as ordinary on May 24, 2005. Within a week of his appointment he:

  • "Dismissed the chancellor, a layman with 21 years of experience in the diocese, and the vice chancellor, a religious woman stationed in the diocese for nearly 40 years and the chief of pastoral planning for the diocese since 1990, and replaced them with a priest chancellor.
  • Cancelled the diocese’s nationally renowned lay formation programs and a master’s degree program in pastoral ministry.
  • Cut in half the budget of the Center for Pastoral Life and Ministry, effectively forcing the almost immediate resignation of half the seven-member team. Within 10 months all seven would be gone and the center shuttered.
  • Ordered a ‘zero-based study’ of adult catechesis in the diocese and appointed as vice chancellor to oversee adult catechesis, lay formation and the catechesis study a layman with no formal training in theology or religious studies.
  • Ordered the editor of the diocesan newspaper to immediately cease publishing columns by Notre Dame theologian Fr. Richard McBrien.
  • Announced that he would review all front page stories, opinion pieces, columns and editorials before publication."

GET THE STORY.

(Nod to Bill Cork for the link.)

And that was just within the first week! Developments within the first year include this one, my personal favorite:

"Finn upgraded a Latin Mass community, which has been meeting in a city parish, to a parish in its own right and appointed himself pastor. … Later, he asked the parish that the Latin Mass community will be leaving to donate $250,000 of the estimated $1.5 million the Latin group needs to renovate the old church Finn gave them."

May his tribe increase!

Womens “Ordinations” Behind The Iron Curtain

A reader writes:

There is a story making the rounds here that the Vatican-during the Communist days in some European countries- allowed a few woman to be ordained and secrety function in those communist countries.The story even says that one of these women is at Catholic U in Washington but has never functioned..the story is that some did function…some did not..Vatican ‘recalled’ their ordinations after having ‘done’ them???Have you every read or heard of this?

Yes, I am familiar with this, though the story as you received it has been somewhat garbled. The Vatican never gave permission for the ordination of women in Communist countries. What happened was this:

In 1967 Czechoslovakian bishop consecrated the priest Fr. Felix Maria Davidek as a bishop and, the new Bishop Davidek was reportedly assigned to work with the Czechoslovakian underground church.

I do not have information on whether this was done with the Holy See’s approval (which is required for the consecration of a bishop) or not.

This was an extremely chaotic time in the Czechoslovakian Catholic community, and many priests and bishops were ordained, including married priests and bishops, contrary to the requirements of canon law and in ways that the Holy See later judged to raise questions about the validity of these ordinations and consecrations.

Consequently,

OL’ JOE RATZINGER HAD TO CLEAN UP THE MESS.

But not all of the people who had been ordained–including the married bishops–were willing to go along with the Holy See’s efforts to resolve the situation (many of the priests, in particular, objected to the conditional ordinations that they were expected to undergo to resolve doubts about the validity of their orders, and the married bishops didn’t want to give up being married bishops), and as of 2000 there was still an "underground" church functioning in the Czech Republic–in violation of the Holy See’s laws–though the CDF expressly pointed out this church is not actually underground.

Bishop Davidek (who died in 1988) was a principal chaos agent in all of this and is singled out by name in the CDF document linked above as having performed ordinations of dubious validity.

In 1990 it emerged that

HE HAD ALSO ATTEMPTED ORDINATION ON AT LEAST ONE AND POSSIBLY SEVERAL WOMEN.

So naturally

THIS BECAME A CAUSE CELEBRE AMONG WOMENS ORDINATION ADVOCATES.

And so did the case of Ludmilla Javorova, who is the only woman to have publicly admitted to having been ordained by Bishop Davidek.

However, as is clear from Ordinatio Sacerdotalis (among other things), her ordination and those of any other women are invalid.

What we have here was thus not a case of the Vatican allowing the ordination of women but of a rogue bishop sowing chaos behind the Iron Curtain by ordaining bunches of people, incluidng at least one woman, in doubtful or clearly invalid ways.

What Ex-Priests Can & Can’t Do

For a while I’ve been meaning to do a post on what former priests who have been laicized are and are not allowed to do, since questions come up about this periodically.

The place where the rules are spelled out, somewhat surprisingly, is not in the Code of Canon Law or any other universally-binding piece of law but in a document that is issued to each priest as he is laicized.

That document is known as a rescript of laicization, and one is issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith for each priest who is laicized. What it says on that rescript is what that priest is allowed to do or not do.

This does not mean that they cut different deals with different priests. Instead, it seems that they base the rescripts on the same template (kind of like a form letter) and basically lay down the same rules for each priest who is laicized.

In the below-the-fold part of this post, I’ve reproduced what I’m given to understand is the standard rescript of laicization that was implemented in 1980 and that, with minor modifications, has been in use ever since.

(The minor modifications would concern things like the name of the current pontiff, the fact that the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith is now called just the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, and updating the numbers of a couple of canons that allow laicized priests to hear deathbed confessions, since the numbers are different in the 1983 Code than they were in the 1917 Code).

The main do’s and don’ts that pertain to how the priest is to conduct himself on an ongoing basis are found in sections 4 and 5 of the rescript and can be summarized as follows:

1) He can’t celebrate any of the sacraments except for hearing deathbed confessions. It is especially noted that he can’t give homilies.

2) He can’t serve as an extraordinary minister of holy Communion.

3) He can’t serve any "directive office in the pastoral field" (e.g., serving as a parish administrator).

4) He can’t do anything at all in a seminary.

5) He can’t serve as a director or teacher in a Catholic university.

6) He can’t teach theology or any closely related discipline (e.g., religious studies, history of theology) in a non-Catholic university.

7) He can’t serve a director (e.g., school principal) in a parochial school.

8) He can’t serve as a teacher in a parochial school unless he gets the bishop’s permission.

9) He shouldn’t live in or frequent places where his status as an ex-priest is generally known, unless he gets the bishop’s permission.

By extension (though there are some doubtful cases), anything a laicized priest is not forbidden to do in his rescript is something he is permitted to do.

In doubtful cases the text of the rescript that was given to an individual priest should be consulted, and the interpretation of the local bishop followed regarding whether a particular action or office violates the instructions the rescript contains.

Continue reading “What Ex-Priests Can & Can’t Do”

WWYDIJP

Down yonder, a reader writes:

I asked it once and no one responded, so I will ask again, would you give Christ a copy of Lovecraft’s books if He were standing next to you, and would you tell Him what you have told each other about these books in here? When you stand before Him on judgment day and He asks you why you read books that glorified murder and mayhem, what will you say to Him?

Let’s take this a piece at a time:

would you give Christ a copy of Lovecraft’s books if He were standing next to you

No, because I’d have much more pressing issues to deal with, like falling on my face and worshipping him and begging his forgiveness for everything I have ever done wrong and imploring his assistance for all my future and asking him certain critical pastoral and theological questions that I need the answers to–not to mention asking him what he wants me to do with my very limited time with him, if I’m not imposing on him too much with my worshipping and begging and imploring and asking. I mean, I know that he sometimes went off on his own to pray and so maybe what he really wants from me at the moment is to leave him alone so he can go do that without me being a distraction and I really don’t want to impose on him and so if he wants me to leave him alone all he has to do is say the word and I will be more than happy to do so and I hope he’s not mad at me for rambling on like this in the first place and actually my adrenalin level and heart rate and blood pressure would probably go down if he did just want to go off and pray and I didn’t have to deal with the anxiety of a sudden encounter with God Incarnate and man, oh, man I hope I’m not blowing it already and if I am then I really, really hope he’ll forgive me, because I want to do the right thing and I just haven’t ever had to cope with a situation like this before, but– HAVE MERCY ON ME, O LORD!

This is the natural human reaction to have. In fact, we see people having it even with angels in Scripture (as well as the Risen Christ in Revelation), which is why one of the first things that the visitor has to do when he shows up is to tell the person he’s appearing to to stand up and calm down ("Be not afraid") so he can deliver his message.

This illustration also shows the problem with the test that the reader is proposing.

Essentially, the test is WWYDIJP or "What Would You Do In Jesus’ Presence?"

I don’t think much of this test, or its counterpart WWJD. Neither one of them is a very useful guide for figuring out what one should do.

The problem with WWJD is twofold:

1) What was appropriate for Christ to do and what is appropriate for me to do are not always the same thing. As Lord of the Temple, for example, it may have been okay for him to whip sinners out of it, but that doesn’t mean it would be okay for me to do that.

2) More fundamentally, the test relies on our speculative imagination regarding what Jesus was like and whe he would do, and our imaginations are spectacularly bad in this area. The Gospels just don’t contain enough data for us to picture him fully. Unlike the apostles, we don’t have the benefit of having lived with him for three years and seen how he reacted to countless different situations, including ordinary ones.

We have to rely on our imagination of what Jesus was like, and these invariably lead us astray, either by viewing Jesus as a kind of etherial 2-dimensional icon that isn’t a full 3-dimensional man or–if we do imagine him as a 3-D man, we fill in that third dimension with bits of our own personality and those of our parents and such.

Both of these result in a falsification of who Jesus is.

It is better, when we don’t know what Jesus would do (which is the great majority of the time) to just say, "I don’t know what he would do" than to try to imagine and thus make up what he would do.

The real question that we should be focused on is not what Jesus would do but what he would have us do, and often that means not over-thinking the answer to a question and just going with your instincts.

In fact, "Go with your instincts unless reason tells you otherwise" is the basic paradigm that God built into human nature to guide our actions. He gave us instincts to motivate us to do things, and he gave us reason (including our conscience and the teaching of the Church) as a check on our instincts.

Trying to imagine what Jesus would do is a tool of very limited value (I’m not saying no value) that will lead us in the direction of scrupulosity and over-analysis if we try to employ it on a frequent basis.

The same is true of WWYDIJP.

Our real reactions to what we would do if suddenly confronted with Jesus in physical form are nothing like a reliable guide to what we should do when he is not present in physical form.

The closest guide we have to what that is like is being in Church, where he is present in the sacrament, and there is a certain decorum that is to be maintained in Church–a decorum that would be put on steroids if Jesus stepped out of the sacrament and stood before us in physical form.

There are whole classes of behavior that inappropriate in Church but which are necessary to human life (eating, sleeping, bathing, reproducing, doing your day job, etc., etc., etc.), making it clear that the "What Would You Do In Jesus’ Presence?" (in the Eucharist or in physical form) is just not a good test for whether something is okay for us to do.

In fact, the WWYDIJP test seems to me to be positively pernicious in a way that WWJD may not be, because if we try to use it as a test for what is okay then one of two things will happen: Either (1) we will refuse to do all kinds of things that are okay but inconsistent with the proper reaction to a Theophany or (2) we will degrade our view of what the proper response to a Theophany is by intruding all kinds of things from ordinary life into Theophany-acceptable behavior that really don’t belong in that category.

So as with WWJD, WWYDIJP is usually the WRONG QUESTION to ask.

A much better question is "What would Jesus have me do?" and the answer to that question is always "Go with your instincts unless reason tells you otherwise."

If someone has an instinct that leads them to enjoy suspenseful fiction when the read fiction then this is legitimate unless there is a specific reason why they shouldn’t.

Sometimes there will be a reason not to read a particular kind of ficiton. If it tempts you to sin then you shouldn’t read it. But if it doesn’t tempt you to sin (directly or indirectly by degrading your ethical sensibilities) then I have a hard time imagining another reason it should be avoided in principle (as opposed to being avoided right now because I don’t have the time to devote to it, for example).

Elsewhere in the combox, the same reader argued that Lovecraft’s story Dagon romanticizes suicide and this makes it an occasion of sin. It would be for a person who is already suicidal, but for a person who is not suicidal, Dagon ain’t gonna get ’em into that state.

READ IT FOR YOURSELF.

In fact, as was pointed out by another astute reader in the combox, Dagon does not romanticize suicide–it uses the character’s suicide to underscore how horrible the thing he encountered was–but Romeo & Juliet does romanticize suicide. The suicides of the two main characters in that are depicted as expressions of their love for each other and their unwillingness to live without each other because of how strong their romantic feelings are for each other, and if that ain’t romanticizing suicide then I don’t know what is.

Yet if you aren’t suicidally romantic at the moment or likely to become so then watching Romeo & Juliet does not constitute an occasion of sin for you and there’s no reason not to go to the Shakespeare festival the night that it’s playing.

would you tell Him what you have told each other about these books in here?

I can only speak for myself here, but yes. I weigh what I say on the blog very carefully, because I know that I am responsible to him for what I write–particularly when analyzing moral and pastoral problems for others–and I think very carefully about these.

Of course, I’m fallible, and I’m quite sure that if I went through the archives I’d find things that I would want to change–and I’m sure that Judgment Day will bring more of these to light–but I try (in my imperfect, fallen way) to live and write with integrity so that I have no reason to be ashamed before Jesus of what I have said.

When you stand before Him on judgment day and He asks you why you read books that glorified murder and mayhem, what will you say to Him?

I’m sorry, but I don’t think I’ve done this–certainly not to a significant degree. Lovecraft’s books do not glorify murder and mayhem; certainly not in a general way (though if I did a thorough review I might conclude that in individual passages he crossed the line).

Lovecraft’s books do refer on occasion to murder and mayhem but the are not simply glorifications of it. The reader’s facts here are simply out of order.

How Deaf Is Deaf?

Jkfernandes

How deaf is deaf? What kind of a question is that? you ask. Shouldn’t such a question matter only to the medical community when designating degrees of hearing loss? Why should it matter to anyone else the degree to which a particular person suffers hearing loss? Ah, but when you seek to be the president of a university for deaf students, a question like that matters, you see.

"The newly chosen president for the nation’s only liberal arts college for the deaf is drawing protests from faculty and students, some of whom question whether she is ‘deaf enough’ to lead their school.

"Last week, Jane K. Fernandes [pictured at right] was named to succeed I. King Jordan as president of Gallaudet University. She isn’t scheduled to take over until January, but already the school’s faculty has called a meeting for Monday afternoon to consider for a no-confidence vote against her and students have carried out a weeklong protest.

[…]

"She was born deaf but grew up speaking, and she didn’t learn American Sign Language until she was 23. She now characterizes herself as a ‘fluent signer’ who can understand and be understood by everyone on campus.

"’There’s a kind of perfect deaf person,’ said Fernandes, who described that as someone who is born deaf to deaf parents, who learns ASL at home, attends deaf schools, marries a deaf person and has deaf children. ‘People like that will remain the core of the university.’"

GET THE STORY.

Apparently, according to the story, the "need" for a deaf university president at Gallaudet was "created" by student activists in the late 1980s, leading to the appointment of Fernandes’s predecessor as Gallaudet’s first deaf president. Now this created need is to become a litmus test against which all future presidents of the university will be judged.

Never mind the qualifications the candidate has in the education of the hearing-disabled. Never mind whether the candidate can be understood by students because he or she is fluent in ASL. Never mind whether the candidate might have deaf relatives of his or her own, which may have sparked the candidate’s interest in the education of the hearing-disabled. Either the candidate is One Of Us, or Need Not Apply.

Following In Newman’s Footsteps

A reader from the U.K. writes:

I’ve just turned eighteen and over the last year I’ve been looking into the Catholic Church. I was baptised in the Church of England as a baby but I’m completely ‘unchurched’.

I never really had any sort of Christian instruction and a few years ago I stopped believing even in God for a while before eventually returning to a form of Christian belief. Things didn’t really start to make sense to me though until I started investigating Catholicism. Over the last year, I’ve devoured books (and websites) about Catholicism – on doctrine, Church history, writings of Fathers and Saints… Protestantism was all I knew of Christianity so I’ve still had to struggle with all the usual Catholic doctrines that Protestants struggle with, etc. But it’s not just been about struggling with Catholic distinctives – I decided fairly quickly that if any form of Christianity was true, Catholicism was it – I’ve been steadily growing in my faith in Christ in general, praying, and studying the Bible.)

I’ve been certain for a couple of months now that I have to become Catholic but I haven’t been totally sure what to do about it. I’ve just returned from an amazing trip to Rome and being there underscored that I have to do something ASAP to take steps to enter the Church. I guess I need to contact a priest, but I don’t really know what the procedure is. Does this mean waiting a year and being confirmed next Easter? When would I be able to go to Confession – would that mean waiting a year? And I worry that there’s going to be disruption in the middle of all this – I’m going away to university on the other side of England in October.

I’ll try to be as much help as I can.

I’m afraid that I don’t know the process for the reception of converts in England as well as I’d like. Here in the States, the process is (theoretically) governed by a document known as the National Statutes for the Catechumenate, but this applies only to the U.S. and the bishops of England and Wales are likely to have their own particular law regarding the reception of converts. If they do, though, it isn’t discussed in the commentaries I have available to me at the moment.

I have reason to think, though, that you would not be required to endure a whole year before being able to be received at Easter. Since you are already baptized, Easter shouldn’t be the liturgically desirable point for your reception into the Church, anyway, and that research I’ve done online suggests that a period of a number of months might be involved, but not a whole year.

You’re right that you should contact a priest, and he could get you started on the process, but hopefully it won’t involve all the nonsense that converting to Catholicism in America typically does.

Perhaps some of the British readers of the blog could use the combox to shed light on the British conversion process.

HERE’S SOME FOLKS WHO CAN ALSO HELP YOU OUT.

CHECK OUT THIS PAGE IN PARTICULAR.

Hope this helps, and welcome home!

Returning To The Church & Annulment

A reader writes:

I was raised as a Catholic, but when I was in my twenties I started slowly drifting away from the Church. I was married in a Protestant Church and regularly attend its or other Protestant services with my wife. On occasion I also attend Catholic Mass (but do not receive Communion.)

Recently I have been contemplating the possibility of re-joining (probably not the correct word) the Catholic Church and am wondering what would be involved in this process. I am not sure if they are relevant, but here are a few other facts:

I have been married only once
My wife has been married previously and divorced.
My wife has always been a Protestant and is probably not interested in converting.
I was baptized and confirmed in the Catholic Church

I assume that the fact that my marriage is not valid in the eyes of Rome is an issue with my getting back into the Catholic Church. I assume that my wife and I would have to be remarried in a Catholic Church. Would my wife have to have her previous marriage annulled? On one level that would not make sense to me as her first marriage would not have been valid under Catholic rules, but at the same time I somehow have the idea in my head that her prior marriage would have to be annulled.

I would be most appreciative if you could give me some direction in this area.

Thank you very much for writing and for being willing to confront these issues in a straightforward way. It is a sign that God is working in your heart and that you are cooperating with his grace–something that he will definitely bless.

It does not appear from what you said that you ever formally defected from the Church, and so you’re right that re-joining might not be the right word.

What you do want to do is to be reconciled with the Church, and for a person in your position the fundamental way to do that is the same as for most people whose full communion with the Church has been impaired in some way: to go to confession.

Upon being able to make a good confession, you would be restored to normal status in the Church and able to lead a full sacramental life.

They key is being able to make a good confession, and that is where your wife’s marriage is relevant.

Since your wife was not a Catholic at the time of her first marriage, she was not bound to observe the Catholic form of marriage, and so the Church would presume that her first marriage was valid.

If it was valid then she was not free to marry you (assuming her former husband was still alive at the time your marriage to her took place) and the two of you would not be validly married. This means that you would not be entitled to conjugal relations with each other, and if you are having them then you would not be able to make a good confession.

The typical solution to your situation (which is very common) would be for your wife to pursue an annulment for her first marriage. If it is found null then you and she would be free to have your marriage convalidated, at which point you would be able to continue leading a conjugal life and be able to make a good confession and return to normal sacramental life as a Catholic.

Since your wife is not Catholic, it may be difficult for her to understand and accept the need to pursue a solution like this, but–even if she does not think this is needed or desirable–hopefully she can understand how important it is for you as a Catholic to be reconciled to your Church and to pursue a solution like this as a matter of conscience. Her conscience may not require her to pursue such steps, but yours does, and hopefully she can come to understand and appreciate that.

She may even find a form of healing by working through the annulment process and coming to have a better understanding of why her first marriage failed and to "close the books on it" in a sense. Many people, even non-Catholics, have reported that the annulment process helped them come to terms with what happened to their prior marriages and provided a kind of clarity and healing that they appreciated.

Pursuing a solution such as the one above may be difficult at times, but God will make sure that you and your wife have the grace you need to deal with whatever happens. Trust him to guide and strengthen you, moment by moment, and he will make sure that you have the grace that you both need.

He loves you both, and more than you know. After all, he sent his Son to die so that you might have the graces he wants to give you.

I hope this helps, and I encourage my readers to keep you and all in similar situations in their prayers.

BTW, I also authored a short booklet on annulments to help people understand them better. You can get a copy of it here.

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