The Apologetics of Christmas (Part 1)

Should Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus? There is no evidence the apostles did. When did it become a feast day? Weren’t birthdays a pagan thing?

Why was he named Jesus when, as stated in Matthew 1:23, the Messiah was to be called Immanuel?

Matthew 1:23 quotes Isaiah 7:14 as “a virgin will conceive” from the Septuagint, but the original Hebrew uses the word “almah” meaning “young woman of marriagable age.” Was Matthew wrong to quote this?

What does Joseph’s reaction, in Matthew 1:19, to the news of Mary’s pregnancy tell us about his character?

Why would Joseph take a 9-month pregnant Mary to Bethlehem instead of taking her earlier? Why did he take her at all? Couldn’t he have just left her in Nazareth?

These are among the questions we explore in this week’s episode of the Jimmy Akin Podcast!

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SHOW NOTES:

JIMMY AKIN PODCAST EPISODE 025 (12/18/11)

 

* Logos Bible Software update

* Android app announcement

* Special “Apologetics of Christmas” Interview with Jason Ward of www.CatholicDadsOnline.org (pt. 1)

 

WHAT’S YOUR QUESTION? WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO ASK?

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Today’s Music: Away in a Manger (JewelBeat.Com)

Copyright © 2011 by Jimmy Akin

The Weekly Benedict (Dec. 18, 2011)

Pope-benedict-4I didn't get to The Weekly Benedict last week, so here's a double dose of our awesome pope! 

Here are this week's items for The Weekly Benedict (subscribe here):

AUDIENCE: 30 November 2011 (series on prayer)

AUDIENCE: 7 December 2011 (series on prayer)

ANGELUS: Angelus, 4 December 2011 

ANGELUS: Angelus, 8 December 2011, Solemnity of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary 

ANGELUS: Angelus, 11 December 2011

MESSAGE: 45th World Day of Peace 2012, Educating Young People in Justice and Peace

MESSAGE: Message to His Holiness Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch, on the occasion of the Feast of Saint Andrew the Apostle (November 24, 2011)

SPEECH: Concert offered by the Asturias Principality Symphony Orchestra (November 26, 2011)

SPEECH: To students taking part in the meeting promoted by theSorella Natura Foundation (November 28, 2011) 

 

 

Secret Information Share: Purgatory

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Everyone will end up in either heaven or hell. But many who die in God’s friendship are still entangled with sin in some way at the time of their deaths. God will purify these people. They will experience the final purification that the Church calls “purgatory.” Here are seven things Pope Benedict wants you to know about it.

 

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The Salvation ControversyGet Your Copy!

 
#1

Jewish Roots

“This early Jewish idea of an intermediate state [between our death and resurrection] includes the view that these souls are not simply in a sort of temporary custody but, as the parable of the rich man illustrates, are already being punished or are experiencing a provisional form of bliss. There is also the idea that this state can involve purification and healing which mature the soul for communion with God. The early Church took up these concepts, and in the western church they gradually developed into the doctrine of purgatory.”

 
#2

Who Needs Purifying?

“With death, our life-choice becomes definitive–our life stands before the Judge. Our choice, which in the course of an entire life takes on a certain shape, can have a variety of forms.”

While some may be totally closed in on themselves in selfishness and evil and while others may be totally open to God, “for the great majority of people–we may suppose–there remains in the depths of their being an ultimate interior openness to truth, to love, to God. In the concrete choices of life, however, it is covered over by ever new compromises with evil–much filth covers purity, but the thirst for purity remains, and it still constantly re-emerges from all that is base and remains present in the soul.”

 
#3

Scriptural Basis

St. Paul “begins by saying that Christian life is built upon a common foundation: Jesus Christ. This foundation endures. If we have stood firm on this foundation and built our life upon it, we know that it cannot be taken away from us even in death.

“Then Paul continues: ‘Now if any one builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, straw–each man’s work will become manifest; for the Day will disclose it, because it will be revealed with fire, and the fire will test what sort of work each one has done. If the work which any man has built on the foundation survives, he will receive a reward. If any man’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss, though he himself will be saved, but only as through fire’ (1 Cor. 3:12-15).

“In this text, it is in any case evident that our salvation can take different forms, that some of what is built may be burned down, that in order to be saved we personally have to pass through ‘fire’ so as to become fully open to receiving God and able to take our place at the table of the eternal marriage-feast.”

 
4

What Purgatory’s Fire Might Be

St. Paul uses “images which in some way try to express the invisible, without it being possible for us to conceptualize these images–simply because we can neither see into the world beyond death nor do we have any experience of it.”

“Some recent theologians are of the opinion that the fire which both burns and saves is Christ himself, the Judge and Savior. The encounter with him is the decisive act of judgment. Before his gaze all falsehood melts away. This encounter with him, as it burns us, transforms and frees us, allowing us to become truly ourselves. All that we build during our lives can prove to be mere straw, pure bluster, and it collapses. Yet in the pain of this encounter, when the impurity and sickness of our lives become evident to us, there lies salvation.”

 
#5

Will It Hurt?

“His gaze, the touch of his heart, heals us through an undeniably painful transformation ‘as through fire.’ But it is a blessed pain, in which the holy power of his love sears through us like a flame, enabling us to become totally ourselves and thus totally of God. In this way the interrelation between justice and grace also becomes clear: The way we live our lives is not immaterial, but our defilement does not stain us forever if we have at least continued to reach out towards Christ, towards truth, and towards love. Indeed, it has already been burned away through Christ’s Passion. At the moment of judgment we experience and we absorb the overwhelming power of his love over all the evil in the world and in ourselves. The pain of love becomes our salvation and our joy.”

 
#6

Helping Those Being Purified

“Early Jewish thought includes the idea that one can help the deceased in their intermediate state through prayer (see, for example, 2 Macc. 12:38-45; first century B.C.). The equivalent practice was readily adopted by Christians and is common to the Eastern and Western Church.”

“The souls of the departed can, however, receive ‘solace and refreshment’ through the Eucharist, prayer, and almsgiving. The belief that love can reach into the afterlife, that reciprocal giving and receiving is possible, in which our affection for one another continues beyond the limits of death–this has been a fundamental conviction of Christianity throughout the ages and it remains a source of comfort today. Who would not feel the need to convey to their departed loved ones a sign of kindness, a gesture of gratitude, or even a request for pardon?”

“In the interconnectedness of Being, my gratitude to the other–my prayer for him–can play a small part in his purification. And for that there is no need to convert earthly time into God’s time: in the communion of souls simple terrestrial time is superseded. It is never too late to touch the heart of another, nor is it ever in vain.”

 
#7

Learning More

The above quotations are taken from Pope Benedict’s encyclical on Christian hope, Spe Salvi. There are more things he would like you to know about purgatory, though, so be sure to check out sections 45-48 of the document.

You can read it online here.

Also, if I may make my own small contribution to the discussion, I’ve written a book that deals with the subject of salvation more broadly and which goes into greater detail on the scriptural underpinnings of the Church’s teaching on purgatory, indulgences, etc. The book is called The Salvation Controversy, and I hope you’ll get a copy.

ORDER YOUR COPY OF THE SALVATION CONTROVERSY TODAY!

 

Pope Benedict’s Big Surprise! (Hint: About St. Paul)

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Jimmy Akin, Secret Info Club Poobah

 

7 Top MYTHS (!) About Christmas

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There's still time to get the special 7 Top Myths About Christmas secret communique if you sign up for the Jimmy Akin Secret Information Club before noon Eastern on Friday!

 



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Should We Chuck Christ out of Christmas?

Christmas-card

I’d like to thank a Register reader who recently alerted me to a recent USA Today column by Amy Sullivan, who—according to her blurb—“is a contributing writer at Time and author of The Party Faithful: How and Why Democrats Are Closing the God Gap.”

If the Democrats are closing the “God gap,” it isn’t because of the level of thinking displayed in her column, which is titled:

Let’s put ‘Christ’-mas in its place

Titles are often chosen by editors rather than authors, so this may not be her fault. But right now we’re only bouncing on the end of the diving board, and we’re about to plunge into the 12-foot end of the pool.

If it’s December, then it must be time to choose sides in the Christmas wars. One camp worries that the celebration of Christ’s birth has become too commercial and frantic. Its goal is a simple Christmas season, stripped of consumption and flashing lights and endless holiday parties. The other camp thinks the problem is that our December festivities are practically religiously neutral. They want shoppers to encounter more nativity scenes and fewer “happy holidays” banners.

I am at a loss to explain her perception of these two “sides.” The people who think Christmas is “too commercial” are usually the very same people who think that the “religiously neutral,” “happy holidays” issue is a big part of the problem (i.e., the commercialization leads to a de-emphasis on the religious nature of the holiday in order to sell more).

By seeing this one camp as two camps, the author is already off to a schizophrenic start. She’s imagining a single side riven against itself, when in fact she’s talking about the same side.

That doesn’t stop her from feeling torn herself, though.

Every year I’m torn. I like baking Christmas cookies. I enjoy the chance to dress up in party clothes and raise a glass with friends and colleagues. I like the excuse to give gifts to those whose lives are intertwined with mine. But as a Christian who wants to focus on the spiritual rhythms of Advent and truly commemorate God’s gift of his son to the world, I find that the Christmas season gets in the way.

We can agree that the pre-celebration of Christmas tends to step on the proper celebration of Advent.

So instead of engaging in a battle to reclaim Christmas, I propose an alternative. Let’s take Christ out of Christmas.

JAW. HITS. FLOOR.

Cutting bait . . . on Christmas? Why on earth would you do that???

The battle for the soul of Christmas ended a long time ago, and cultural forces won. That’s clear when Christmas trees fill homes and apartments in Japan, a country where 2% of the population is Christian.

This makes no sense at all.

What does the ordinary home in non-Christian Japan have to do with the “soul of Christmas” and its potential improvement in countries with a Christian heritage?

Couldn’t one view the celebration of Christmas even by non-Christians a “preparation for the gospel” (as the early Christian writer Eusebius of Caesarea would put it)—a preparation that Christians can build on, inviting non-Christians to a deeper consideration of the ultimate reason that they are celebrating?

Sullivan’s horizons are far more limited. She spends a good bit of her column pinching from what she describes as a “wonderful book, ‘Christmas: A Candid History,’ [by] Methodist minister and religious studies professor Bruce David Forbes.”

I downloaded this book, and it ain’t so wonderful. It does contain some interesting points from history, but it’s written from a faith-lite viewpoint that sharply limits its value.

Proceeding from this flawed staring point, Sullivan goes on to suggest the familiar canard about early Christians basing Christmas on pagan holidays—something for which there is no evidence (and, in fact, which there is evidence against).

At least in his book Forbes stresses how much of his theory is sheer speculation. Sullivan makes no such disclaimers.

She claims that a purely religious celebration of Christmas never existed and that it was always mixed with pagan partying. This cannot be substantiated from the historical record.

She then says:

That reality has frustrated religious communities for centuries. After the Reformation, the Puritans were appalled by the excess and non-biblical practices associated with Christmas, and launched an actual war on Christmas that culminated in the English Parliament’s 1652 decision to outlaw Christmas. In the American colonies, Puritan influence resulted in subdued observances. In fact, with few exceptions, the U.S. Congress met on Christmas Day every year until the mid-19th century.

Okay, let me get this straight. Sullivan is arguing that the battle for the soul of Christmas is irretrievably lost, and in the same breath she’s admitting that it survived a withering attack between the 1600s and the 1800s and has since become such a widespread celebration that it’s even normal in Japan?

If anything, that sounds to me like the idea of Christmas is extraordinarily resilient, and the overcommercialization of it is a recent historical phenomenon that might be no more longlasting than the Puritan attempt to suppress it was. Who knows what Christmas will be like in the year 2525—if man is still alive, if woman can survive?

When Christmas had its comeback en route to becoming the blowout holiday season we now know, it wasn’t because of religious leaders. Instead, cultural factors such as the publication in 1823 of ‘Twas the Night Before Christmas, the development of the Santa Claus figure, and the nascent social valuing of family togetherness formed our modern conception of Christmas.

So . . . maybe what we need is a new poem to rival ‘Twas the Night Before Christmas?

If one set of cultural factors has harmed the celebration of Christmas then maybe we need to work at re-evangelizing the culture, including the creation of new artistic works that better convey the Christian faith.

That’s part of that whole New Evangelization thing, right?

I’m not hearing anything that would warrant Christians abandoning Christmas. What exactly is Sullivan proposing?

[I]t’s time to stop pretending that Christmas the cultural winter celebration is about the birth of Christ. Let’s just make it official and separate the two holidays that have been intertwined for most of the past two millenniums. It’s surprisingly easy to divide up the various Christmas assets left over from such a split.

First, there’s the name. Because Christmas the cultural season is so dominant, I propose that it retain the moniker, to be officially rendered X-mas. Everyone pronounces the holiday as “Chris-muss” anyway, which sounds like we’re honoring some dude named Chris, not the son of God. And despite campaigns by social conservatives to eliminate the greeting “happy holidays,” when a store clerk wishes me a “Merry Christmas,” she generally isn’t saying that she hopes I enjoy my religious observance of Christ’s birth.

As for the religious holiday, I’m calling it Jesus Day. When I was young, my family celebrated Christmas very literally as Jesus’ birthday. My Baptist grandmother baked a birthday cake for baby Jesus, along with more traditional cookies and pies. And at church, which we attended on Christmas Day, all the kids and children’s choir alumni gathered at the front of the sanctuary to belt out the tune “Happy Birthday, Baby Jesus.”

Hmmm. Interesting suggestion, Ms. Sullivan. One practiced within your very own lifetime—on Christmas Day yet. Maybe you’d like to devote a little more thought to that one before saying we should chuck Christ out of Christmas?

I would enjoy the goodwill and merriment of X-mas without reservation if I no longer felt it was co-opting and eclipsing my religious holiday.

I would feel all kinds of reservation and be totally weirded out. What kind of Twilight Zone holiday is this?

Lighting the Advent candles and reading daily devotions would provide a quiet respite during X-mas season.

So Advent would be celebrated at the same time as the de-Christed “X-mas”?

And on Christmas morning, instead of collapsing in an exhausted and mildly resentful heap, I could begin the real celebration with a full heart.

As a society, we need a designated time of year to celebrate with one another. We need the outlet of X-mas to give us a burst of festive energy to get through the winter. And we need fudge and Santa cookies, darn it. So let’s take Christ out of Christmas and make our culturewide secular celebration official. Just give me Jesus Day when it’s all over.

The proposal is thus to take Christmas, kick Christ out of it, rename it X-mas, and then rename St. Stephen’s Day as Jesus Day?

I’m sorry, Ms. Sullivan, but I think there are better ways to work out a “mildly resentful [holiday] heap” problem. I suggest an attitude adjustment.

Certainly there are better ways than surrendering a huge piece of Christian heritage and replacing it with something with the unbearably kitschy name “Jesus Day.”

Frankly, this plan zero chance of success, but it’s embarrassing and offensive that you would even make the suggestion.

I wonder what your Baptist grandmother would think.

Incidentally, this Friday I’m devoting an installment of the Jimmy Akin Secret Information Club to the top myths about Christmas—including the idea it’s a pagan celebration disguised as a Christian one. If you haven’t yet joined the club but do so before Friday (by going to www.SecretInfoClub.com), you’ll be sure to get this installment in your email inbox.

In the meantime, what do you think of Ms. Sullivan’s proposal?

Should we chuck Christ out of Christmas?

Archbishop Chaput Answers Questions About His Stunning Letter

Chaput_from_Facebook_p-255x255-255x255

The Register’s own Edward Pentin scored an interview with Philadelphia Archbishop Charles Chaput when the archbishop was in Rome for his ad limina visit last week. The interview was conducted after the release of the archbishop’s dramatic letter to his flock and contains some additional detail on the subjects he touched on in the letter. Here’s the portion of the interview that deals with that:

You issued what seems to be a very well-received pastoral letter to the archdiocese on the feast of the Immaculate Conception in which you aired a variety of serious concerns and spoke about difficult times ahead with the completion of your review of priests accused in the grand jury report and church and school closings. Could you tell us more about why you wrote it?

The circumstances in Philadelphia are difficult at the moment. We’re in a period of responding to a grand jury report that was negative about the way the archdiocese has handled the issues of sex abuse of minors by the clergy.

In addition to that, we have a major study about the number and locations of Catholic schools. Philadelphia was a place where parochial schools began in the U.S. under the leadership of St. John Neumann, so Catholic education has an extraordinary place in the hearts of our people. But we have huge financial problems as a result of schools using up their resources of their parishes, because we don’t have enough students in the schools and yet we have to pay living wages to our teachers in ways that wasn’t the case when we had large numbers of religious working.

So we needed to re-order the way we do Catholic education, not to do it less, but to re-order in a way that we save our system so that it doesn’t kill itself by just using up all its resources.

We have the issue of priest personnel, Catholic schools and the issue of multiple parishes in the same neighborhood because they were ethnic parishes. But as time has gone on, the people who founded them have moved to other places. We have on the same city block sometimes three to four parishes — how do we manage those in a way that is financially feasible and also respects the tight personnel situation with priests in the local Church?

Also, I’m concerned about the number of seminarians we have. We only have 48, and yet where I come from prior to September — a diocese one-third of the size in terms of Catholics — we had 80 seminarians. So I’m concerned about the number of seminarians. We have a great seminary, Saint Charles Borromeo, but it’s underutilized.

You stressed there would be tough times in the year ahead.

All of those issues are coming to a head at the same time. It’s the “perfect storm” they talk about. The grand jury has led to the indictment of four priests that have served in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. One of them is a former vicar for clergy who’s being accused of participating in an assignment of a priest who had a previous accusation of sexual abuse against him. So we’ll have a trial probably in the last three months [of 2012], and you can imagine what that does to the psyche of a diocese where we’re in the headlines of the newspapers every day for three months.

All of this is coming together at the same time, and there’s a new bishop who’s responsible for making decisions and leading us through this difficult time. … [My letter] was, therefore, to say to people: Be prepared because things are going to be tough, and they’re going to get worse for us for a while before they’re going to get better.

In the answer to the first question, Archbishop Chaput hits the three major “bad news” themes mentioned in his pastoral letter—the sex abuse situation, school closings, and parish closings. There is interesting new detail added about all three of these, including information in the follow-up question.

On the subject of sex abuse—in his second answer—he gives a little more background about the current state of affairs, including the trial expected next year. This is helpful, especially for those who haven’t been following the Philadelphia situation closely.

On the subject of school closings he identifies a key cause of the financial problems that have led to the present situation. This cause is not, as some have suggested, a lack of funds due to settlement of sex abuse cases. It’s natural to wonder about that in many places, but diocesan finances are more complex than many realize. It’s not as if all the money collected in every parish goes into a giant diocesan slush fund that can be disbursed however the archbishop wishes. In fact, as anyone who’s experienced the non-profit world knows, charitable funds that are received often represent what is known as designated giving, which means that *by law* they can only be used for particular purposes specified by the donors. Designated giving, contracts, loans, and a host of other considerations prevent funds from simply being disbursed at whim. At least, they do so in many cases. That’s not to say there haven’t been dioceses that have suffered from financial mismanagement and the improper use of funds. There certainly have.

But the cause that Archbishop Chaput names in the interview is certainly a plausible one: the retreat of women and men religious from the Catholic education scene and the consequent effect on the faculty. Women and men religious, living communally and being under vows of poverty and being able to solicit donations for their order and even subsidizing Catholic schools directly, were able to operate for substantially less money than a faculty composed of lay people supporting families and trying to maintain a place in the middle class (i.e., avoid poverty). The exodus of religious from faculty and the consequent influx of ordinary lay people is certainly going to affect how much it costs to educate a student, and as tuition rises it can lead to a decrease in the number of students: a vicious cycle.

I don’t know how the finances of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia are structured or how specifically the schools might be affected by legal settlements, but Archbishop Chaput is certainly right that the change in the composition of the school workforce is going to impact the economics of the situation in a significant way.

On the subject of parish mergers he also mentions a factor not involving the sex abuse scandal: declining attendance at ethnic parishes.

It’s quite true that there has been a falloff in attendance since many East Coast parishes were built. People can debate the extent to which that is due to cultural forces and the extent to which it is due to pastoral failures on the part of Church leadership (both are undoubtedly a part of it), but its a fact nonetheless.

It’s also true that in many cities on the East Coast there were multiple ethnic parishes established for different types of immigrants. Thus in a single area there might be a parish for Irish immigrants, a parish for Italian immigrants, a parish for German immigrants, a parish for Polish immigrants. With declining attendance—for whatever combination of reasons—maintaining that many parishes to serve a single area, whose religious composition also may well have changed, may just not make sense.

And there’s another factor contributing to that phenomenon: the priest shortage. The Archbishop touches on this when he mentions his concern about the number of seminarians in the archdiocese. This is something not mentioned in the pastoral letter, and it is handled with his characteristic polite frankness. Without laying blame for the problem, he frankly acknowledges substantial room for improvement, citing the example of his prior diocese and suggesting that that his current one might reasonably have five times as many seminarians as it does.

Chaput’s polite frankness is also on display elsewhere in the interview, as when he remarks that a particular change in the way ad limina visits (those are the periodic visits bishops make to Rome to meet with the pope and officials of the Roman curia) struck him as “wasn’t a good idea,” though he finds value in the way the situation has worked out.

I encourage you to read the piece simply for the look at how ad limina visits are conducted. Most people are unaware of this, and it’s an interesting look in how the world of the Vatican works.

Archbishop Chaput is also asked about politics, a subject he is imminently qualified to speak on as the author of a book on faith and politics.

I was a little surprised, knowing Archbishop Chaput’s pro-life commitments, that the life issues didn’t get mentioned in the interview. (Economics, business ethics, and religious freedom did.) I wouldn’t read too much into that, though, because interviews can often take unexpected turns and it can be difficult for both interviewer and interviewee to get back to subjects they meant to mention.

Click here to read the interview with Archbishop Chaput.

And click here to read my prior discussion of the pastoral letter.

Also, here is Joan Frawley Desmond’s piece Church Closings: Is Bigger Better?

What do you think?